A point of contact between bones or between bone and cartilage or bone and teeth.

The study of motion of the human body is called ______________.

How many types of joints are there?

The three types of joints are fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial.

Match the joint types with their most appropriate definition:

Articulation held together by dense irregular connective tissue.

A fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue; seen as an immovable joint that is only found between the bones of the skull. They are immovable in adults but are slightly movable in infants.

Some sutures, although present during growth of the skull, are replaced by bone in the adult. Such a suture is called a _____________. For example, the frontal bone grows in halves that join together across a suture line. Usually, they are completely fused by age 6 and the suture becomes obscure. If the suture persists beyond age 6, it is called a frontal (metopic)suture. A frontal suture is immovable.

The joints of a suture are very tight fitted together. However, this fibrous joint, there is a greater distance between the articulating surfaces and the dense irregular connective tissue.

Of the three types of joints, there are two types of fibrous joints, sutures, and syndesmosis. How many types of syndesmoses is there?

A substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that binds neighboring long bones and permits slight movement. Example, between radius and ulna. 

The three types of syndesmoses are interosseous ligament, interosseous membrane, and gomphosis.

The gomphosis syndesmosis joint is also called the _______________ joint. 

The dense irregular connective tissue between a tooth and its dental alveolus is the _________________.

Inflammation and degradation of the periodontal ligament is called ______________.

Fibrous joints allows for movement while cartilaginous joints do not.

The two types of cartilaginous joints are __________ and __________. Use "and" but do not use the word joint.

_______________ is a cartilaginous joint in which the connecting material is a solid piece of cartilage that allows little or no movement. The articulating bones are lightly connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrous cartilage. One example is the joint between the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum.

Epiphyseal cartilage is a good example of synchondrosis cartilaginous joints. These cartilage of the epiphyseal layer of the long bone, are actually hyaline cartilage growth centers during endochondral (bonne growth) formation. Ex. The epiphysis connected to the diaphysis: epiphyseal plate. 

_______________ is a cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage. In other words, they form thick visible hyaline cartilage and are found at the midline. This type of joint is slightly moveable and can be found between the invertebrate.

The unique feature of these joints is the presence of spaces between the articulating bones called an articular cavity. It is surrounded by an articular capsule that attaches the articulating bones and contains a lubricating fluid. The presence of the articular cavity allows the joint to bend freely or at least slightly. 

The surfaces of the bones within a synovial joint are covered by a layer of hyaline cartilage called ________________ cartilage.

A sleevelike ____________ surrounds the synovial joint and encloses the articular cavity and unites the articulating bones. 

The articular capsule is composed of ____ layers. (number)

Of the following terms, which are the two layers of the articular capsule?

A. Fibrous Layer

B. Articular layer

C. Ligament layer

D. Ligament membrane

E. Synovial membrane

The _____________ is dense connective tissue that attaches directly to the periosteum of the bones. It is actually quite a flexible layer which allows for movement at the joint while the strong textile strength of the layer helps prevent dislocation of the bones. That textile strength is partially owed to the parallel bundling of fibrous connective tissue.

The fibrous layer consists of parallel bundles that give rise to its textile strength and resiliency to move the joint. What are the names of these parallel bundles of fiber?

The second layer of the articular cartilage is known as the _____________.

The synovial membrane is the second layer of the articular capsule and is composed of __________ with collagen and elastic fibers.

At many synovial joints the synovial membranes include accumulations of adipose tissue called _________________.

A double-jointed person only has one joint but have increased flexibility in their articular capsules and ligaments.

The ______________ contains the synovial fluid.

Double-jointed structures are more structurally stable and less likely to be dislocated.

Synovial fluid is secreted from the ______________ layer.

Synovial fluid contains ___________ acid secreted by the synovial cells.

Since the articular capsule is a closed off structure, it does not contain blood vessels. Therefore, nutrients and infection fighting cells are circulated by the _________.

One of the benefits of warming up before exercise is that it stimulates the production and secretion of synovial fluid; within limits, more fluid means less strain on the joints during exercise.

Knuckle cracking is caused by a bend in the bones.

Accessory ligaments are additional ligaments that form to provide additional support, rigidity and strength against stress resistance. Many synovial joints contain accessory ligaments. In synovial joints are called ____________ and __________ ligaments. Use "and" to combine both but do not use the word "ligament."

Which of the ligaments occurs outside of the articular capsule?

Which of the ligaments occurs inside of the articular capsule?

Movement between parts create friction. The body has adapted these structures to reduce the impact of friction between the joints. These structures in the shoulder and knee joints are known as ___________. They contain fluid similar to synovial fluid and are naturally found between skin and bones, muscle and bones, or ligaments and bones.

Tendon/synovial sheaths have two layers. What is the layer that attaches to the tendon?

Tendon/synovial sheaths have two layers. What is the name of the outer layer?

Movements at synovial joints can be grouped into ______ main categories. How many categories are there?

Match the synovial joint movement with their definitions:

Flexion and extension are a type of ___________ movement. 

____________ is the angular movement where the bones get closer together; there is a decrease in the angle between the articulating bones. 

____________ is the angular movement where the bones get further apart; there is a increase in the angle between the articulating bones. 

____________ is the movement of a bone toward the midline.

____________ is the movement of a bone away from the midline.

Adduction is sometimes referred to as adding your wrist to your side trunk.

Special movements are movements that occur at one specialized joint in the body. 

Match the following terms with the definitions:

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Articulating joints come in all shapes and sizes. As a result, there is a wide range of motion that can occur depending on the shape of the articulating surface of the joints. How many categories of movements are resulted?

Identify the following joints based on their shapes:

Match the following examples with the terms:

Match the following examples with the terms: