Question 1

leaf

Accepted Answer

collects solar energy and converts the solar energy to food.

Question 2

leaf blade

Accepted Answer

the large, broad part of a leaf.

Question 3

light-dependent reaction

Accepted Answer

a reaction of photosynthesis that takes place in the thylakoid membranes in the presence of light to produce products that drive the light-independent reaction.

Question 4

light-independent reaction

Accepted Answer

a reaction not directly dependent on light; rather it relies on ATP and NADPH made during the light-dependent reaction to manufacture carbohydrate molecules in the stroma.

Question 5

margin

Accepted Answer

the edge of the leaf blade.

Question 6

mesophyll

Accepted Answer

photosynthetic tissue sandwiched between the epidermal layers, where the bulk of photosynthetic activity for a plant takes place.

Question 7

metabolism

Accepted Answer

all the physical and chemical processes involved in the life of a plant.

Question 8

noncyclic photophosphorylation

Accepted Answer

the more common of the two light-dependent reactions in which photosystems I and II are used to produce both ATP and NAPDH.

Question 9

oxidation

Accepted Answer

a chemical reaction in which a substance loses electrons.

Question 10

oxidation-reduction

Accepted Answer

a chemical reaction in which one substance is oxidized while another is reduced; also known as redox reactions.

Question 11

palisade layer

Accepted Answer

a stacked layer of mesophyll cells just below the upper epidermis.

Question 12

petiole

Accepted Answer

a leaf stalk that connects the leaf blade to the stem.

Question 13

photochemical reaction

Accepted Answer

the first step of the light-dependent reaction in which light energy is trapped by chlorophyll and converted to electrical energy.

Question 14

photons

Accepted Answer

tiny particles or little packets of energy of which visible light is composed.

Question 15

photophosphorylation

Accepted Answer

the process of converting energy from a light-excited electron to the synthesis of ATP.

Question 16

photosynthesis

Accepted Answer

the process by which energy from the sun is used to produce sugars.

Question 17

photosystem I

Accepted Answer

the chlorophyll a molecule, P700, that has peak absorption of light measuring 700 nanometers.

Question 18

photosystem II

Accepted Answer

the chlorophyll a molecule, P680, that has peak absorption of light measuring 680 nanometers.

Question 19

reduction

Accepted Answer

a chemical process in which substances gain electrons.

Question 20

simple leaf

Accepted Answer

a type of leaf that consists of a single leaf blade and a petiole.

Question 21

spongy mesophyll layer

Accepted Answer

a loosely arranged layer of mesophyll cells located underneath the palisade layer.

Question 22

starch

Accepted Answer

huge molecules resulting from the bonding of thousands of glucose molecules that serve as the principal way in which food is stored for plants.

Question 23

stomata

Accepted Answer

pores or openings in the epidermis of a leaf.

Question 24

stroma

Accepted Answer

a fluid loaded with enzymes that fills much of the chloroplast; involved in the photosynthetic process.

Question 25

thylakoids

Accepted Answer

disk-shaped structures within the stroma that are interconnected.

Question 26

transpiration

Accepted Answer

the loss of water from plant tissues, especially the leaves.

Question 27

xylem

Accepted Answer

conductive tissue through which water and minerals move upward in a plant.

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