Chapter 9 Quiz 2 Review | Quizalize

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Chapter 9 Quiz 2 Review | Quizalize

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Chapter 9 Quiz 2 Review

Quiz by Elizabeth Maybin

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Q 1/85
Score 0
nitrogenous waste
30
azot/o
Q 2/85
Score 0
bacteria
30
bacteri/o

85 questions

Q.

nitrogenous waste

1

30 sec

Q.

bacteria

2

30 sec

Q.

life

3

30 sec

Q.

cancer

4

30 sec

Q.

body

5

30 sec

Q.

bladder, pouch

6

30 sec

Q.

glomerulus

7

30 sec

Q.

sugar

8

30 sec

Q.

sameness

9

30 sec

Q.

blood

10

30 sec

Q.

water

11

30 sec

Q.

ketones

12

30 sec

Q.

stone

13

30 sec

Q.

meatus

14

30 sec

Q.

death

15

30 sec

Q.

kidney

16

30 sec

Q.

nerve

17

30 sec

Q.

night

18

30 sec

Q.

scanty

19

30 sec

Q.

peritoneum

20

30 sec

Q.

protein

21

30 sec

Q.

pus

22

30 sec

Q.

renal pelvis

23

30 sec

Q.

kidney

24

30 sec

Q.

ureter

25

30 sec

Q.

urethra

26

30 sec

Q.

urine

27

30 sec

Q.

vein

28

30 sec

Q.

without

29

30 sec

Q.

against

30

30 sec

Q.

painful, difficult

31

30 sec

Q.

outside of

32

30 sec

Q.

within

33

30 sec

Q.

many

34

30 sec

Q.

backward

35

30 sec

Q.

pain

36

30 sec

Q.

protrusion

37

30 sec

Q.

dilated

38

30 sec

Q.

surgical removal

39

30 sec

Q.

blood condition

40

30 sec

Q.

producing

41

30 sec

Q.

record

42

30 sec

Q.

process of recording

43

30 sec

Q.

inflammation

44

30 sec

Q.

stone

45

30 sec

Q.

condition of stones

46

30 sec

Q.

study of

47

30 sec

Q.

to destroy (to break down)

48

30 sec

Q.

abnormal softening

49

30 sec

Q.

enlarged

50

30 sec

Q.

instrument to measure

51

30 sec

Q.

tumor

52

30 sec

Q.

abnormal condition

53

30 sec

Q.

surgically create an opening

54

30 sec

Q.

cutting into

55

30 sec

Q.

disease

56

30 sec

Q.

surgical fixation

57

30 sec

Q.

surgical repair

58

30 sec

Q.

dropping

59

30 sec

Q.

abnormal flow condition

60

30 sec

Q.

hardening

61

30 sec

Q.

instrument to visually examine

62

30 sec

Q.

process of visually examining

63

30 sec

Q.

narrowing

64

30 sec

Q.

surgical crushing

65

30 sec

Q.

urine condition

66

30 sec

Q.

acute glomerulonephritis

67

30 sec

Q.

acute renal failure

68

30 sec

Q.

blood urea nitrogen

69

30 sec

Q.

clean catch urine specimen

70

30 sec

Q.

culture and sensitivity

71

30 sec

Q.

end-stage renal disease

72

30 sec

Q.

genitourinary

73

30 sec

Q.

bicarbonate

74

30 sec

Q.

hemodialysis

75

30 sec

Q.

intake and output

76

30 sec

Q.

intermittent peritoneal dialysis

77

30 sec

Q.

potassium

78

30 sec

Q.

sodium

79

30 sec

Q.

retrograde pyelogram

80

30 sec

Q.

urinary tract infection

81

30 sec

Q.

Which of these words is spelled correctly?

82

30 sec

Q.

Which of these is spelled incorrectly?

83

30 sec

Q.

Which of these is spelled correctly?

84

30 sec

Q.

Which of these is spelled incorrectly?

85

30 sec

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Make mcq quiz with 4 option in which one is correct -'10 Basis of Material Science • .....;;;";;;"~~;;,,;;,,,,;.;.,,;;,,,;,,;.;,.,------------ 6. Temporary materials: Some materials are meant to be placed in the oral cavity for a short period of time for different reasons. • Temporary crowns: While a permanent crown is prepared in the dental laboratory, the patient must wait for few days before it can be fabricated and cemented into place. Does patient experience any problems during this time period? If the tooth is vital (the pulp is alive), the patient is likely to experience pain and sensitivity while eating and drinking, also it looks unesthetic. What can be done to solve this problem? A temporary crown is placed before the patient leaves the clinic. It is constructed and luted in the same appointment in which the crown preparation is done. Temporary crowns are not very strong or esthetic but they serve adequately till the permanent crown is ready to be cemented. • Temporary restorations: Sometimes it is difficult to decide immediately the best line of treatment for a particular tooth. The exact condition of the pulp may not be obvious to the dentist from the patient's symptoms. A dentist removes all or part of the decay and then places a temporary restoration to have time to observe the behaviour of the pulp or to give the pilip time to heal before deciding the further treatment required. Classification based on Location of Fabrication 4,9 Materials can be classified based on the location of fabrication into: • Direct restorative materials. • Indirect restorative materials Direct restorative materials: They include those materials which are used to restore cavity preparations directly in the oral cavity (Box 1.5). Box 1.5: Examples of direct restorative materials Amalgam, composites, glass ionomer and other materials, which set by chemical reactions in the mouth. Indirect restorative materials: It includes those restorations which must be fabricated outside the mouth, indirectly on a cast/ model/ die, because their processing condition would harm oral tissues. Materials used in the construction of such prosthesis are called indirect restorative materials (Box 1.6). Box 1.6: Examples of indirect restorative materials Gold inlays, crowns of metal, ceramic and polymers, which are processed at elevated temperatures. Some indirect composite restorations can be processed under specific wavelength of light, e.g. Ceramage. Classification based on Longevity of Use 1. Permanent restorations: These restorations are not planned to be replaced for a particular time period. Though they are referred to as permanent, actually they are not, e.g. fillings, crowns, bridges and dentures do not last forever (Fig. 1.5). 2. Temporary restorations: These restorations are planned to be replaced in a short period of time, such as few days to weeks. For ~ Permanent C/) c c -.2 0 c- :;::; Cll co Interim ~ Q; 0 .8ll::1iJ C/) o~ Cll a:: c:=:J Temporary Time period Fig. 1.5: Diagram depicting the time period of use of a restoration. (Arrow in permanent restoration depicts that such restorations are not planned to be replaced for a long period of time.) Introducton to Dental Materials Dental materials Box 1.7: Characteristics of metals 1. High thermal and electrical conductivity 2. Ductility (pure metals are very soft and they can be bent without breaking) 3. Opacity (they do not transmit light) 4. Luster (they have a surface that strongly reflects light and appears bright and shiny) 5. 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Metals solidify with their atoms in a regular or crystalline arrangement (see Chapter 2), often in the form of a cube (Fig. 1.7a). example, temporary fillings done in a tooth during root canal treatment, which have to be replaced within 2-4 days during subsequent visits. They are used to protect the tooth and provide function till the final restoration is done. 3. Interim restoration: At times, dental treatment requires "long-term" definite temporary restorations or "interim" restorations. For examle, a 7-year-old child, met with trauma and fractured one of his central incisors. A large composite build- up may serve his immediate requirement until the root formation is completed and a permanent crown is placed. 5 Classification based on the Chemical Nature of the Material These are the atoms that make up a material and the way they are bonded together determine the properties of that materiaLS Weak bonds make for weak materials and vice versa (Table 1.4). Materials can be classified into different categories based on their primary atomic bonds (Fig. 1.6): 1. Metals 2. Ceramics Fig. 1.6: Classification of dental materials based on chemical nature 12 Basis of Material Science Box 1.9: Benefits of ceramics in dentistry 1. Many ceramic oxides are used as pigmenting agents. These oxides produce good range of colors. Due to this characteristic, we are able to match almost any tooth color with good esthetic results. 2. They are inert, i.e. not chemically reactive. This quality provides ceramics with good bio- compatibility. 3. Ceramic materials are translucent, like natural teeth. This translucency gives the ceramic crown a more natural appearance than any other dental material. Fig. 1.7b: Internal arrangement of tetrahedral structure of ceramic (silica) four large oxygen atoms surround smaller silicon atom Ceramics A ceramic is a compound formed by the union of a metallic and a non-metallic element (Box 1.8). Most of these materials are oxides, formed by the union of oxygen with metals such as silicon, aluminum, calcium and magnesium (Fig.1.7b). Ceramics may be simple or complex. Examples of simple ceramics are alumina and silica. Examples of complex ceramics are feldspar (potassium aluminum silicate) and kaolin (hydrated aluminum silicate). Ceramics may be crystalline or non- crystalline (i.e. amorphous). Porcelain is a specific type of ceramic used extensively in dentistry (Box 1.9). Box 1.8: Characteristics of ceramics 1. High melting points. 2. Brittleness, which means they cannot be bent or deformed (no sliding) to any extent without actually cracking and breaking. 3. They are poor conductor of heat and electricity. 4. They are chemically inert. 5. They have excellent esthetic result in terms of matching natural teeth. Fig. 1.8: Stucture of synthetic polymer Polymers They are the latest addition (early to mid- 1900s) to dental materials. 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