A62‑year‑old female with type 2 diabetes and obesity presents with a painless,enlarging mass in her right breast. A core needle biopsy is inconclusive despite clinical suspicion.What is the next best surgical step?

A 47‑year‑old male undergoes laparoscopic bariatric surgery.On postoperative day two, he develops left shoulder pain, tachypnea, and hypoxemia. A CT pulmonary angiogram rules out pulmonary embolism but shows elevation of the left hemidiaphragm.What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?

A 60‑year‑old male, three days after total hip replacement and on prophylactic anticoagulation, develops fever, along with swelling and erythema near his IV line. Blood cultures grow Staphylococcus aureus.What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 45‑year‑old obese woman presents with right lower quadrant pain persisting for more than 48 hours. An initial ultrasound is inconclusive. Which imaging modality is best suited to further evaluate suspected appendicitis in this patient?

A 42‑year‑old male presents with a spontaneous, tender mass in the groin. On evaluation, the mass is diagnosed as a femoral hernia.Which of the following factors most predisposes a femoral hernia to strangulation?

A 70‑year‑old male who underwent an elective colectomy develops persistent tachycardia, hypotension, and oliguria on postoperative day three. He is also noted to have an elevated serum lactate level. Which postoperative complication is most concerning in this scenario?

A55‑year‑old female develops increasing redness, swelling, and fever at the surgical site four days after a modified radical mastectomy. Culture later identifies methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Which antibiotic is most appropriate for treatment?

A 48‑year‑old male, one week after open abdominal surgery,develops fever and localized abdominal pain. Laboratory studies reveal leukocytosis and raised C‑reactive protein. Ultrasound identifies a hypoechoic collection near the surgical site. What is the most appropriate initial management?

A 62‑year‑old man with symptomatic cholelithiasis is undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Shortly after initiating CO₂insufflation, his end‑tidal CO₂ drops abruptly, and he becomes hypotensive and tachycardic.What is the most likely explanation?

A55‑year‑old male is diagnosed with malignant melanoma on his back with aBreslow thickness of 1.2 mm.What is the recommended surgical margin during wide local excision?

A 40‑year‑old female is found to have a solitary thyroid nodule. Fine‑needle aspiration cytology reveals papillary carcinoma cells.What is the appropriate surgical treatment?

Types of edges in an ulcer

Order the following as per ATLS guidelines in a case of trauma

A 40‑year‑old male, 4 hours after pancreatic surgery,becomes hypotensive and tachycardic with a dropping hemoglobin level.What is the first step in management?

A 35‑year‑old female presents with a groin bulge that increases in size on coughing and reduces slightly when lying down.Which type of hernia is most likely?