A large farm, usually for growing coffee, sugar or tobacco.

A group within a country that can be identified by ethnicity, race, language, religion, or some other way that makes up more than 50% of the country’s population.

A system in which the largest group of people in a country controls the country’s government.

A group that is different from most people in their ethnicity, race, language, religion, or some other way and makes up less than 50% of the country’s population.

A system in which the smallest group of people in a country controls the country’s government.

A place that is ruled by a foreign government, not by its own people.

The entire industry that was built around capturing, buying, selling, transporting and using slaves.

Tropical islands in North America where many slaves from West Africa were taken

Scramble for Africa or “Land Grab”

The term used to describe the actions taken by the European countries to take over colonies in Africa for their natural resources.

Berlin Conference (1884)

Powerful European nations met to decide which parts of Africa to claim or “grab”

The belief where one group of people feels superior to other people primarily due to cultural differences.

The control over an area by another region.

Belonging to a group that has common national or cultural traditions.

A non-scientific way to classify human beings based on physical traits.

BBOL: a group of people with common beliefs, behaviors, objects, and language. Also people with similar values and traditions.

Colonialism in Africa

YouGov found 44 per cent were proud of Britain's history of colonialism, with 21 per cent regretting it happened and 23 per cent holding neither view. The same poll also found 43 per cent believed the British Empire was a good thing, 19 per cent said it was bad and 25 per cent said it was "neither". At its height in 1922, the British empire governed a fifth of the world's population and a quarter of the world's total land area. Although the proponents of Empire say it brought various economic developments to parts of the world it controlled, critics point to massacres, famines and the use of concentration camps by the British Empire. 1. Boer concentration camps During the Second Boer War (1899-1902), the British rounded up around a sixth of the Boer population - mainly women and children - and detained them in camps, which were overcrowded and prone to outbreaks of disease, with scant food rations. Of the 107,000 people interned in the camps, 27,927 Boers died, along with an unknown number of black Africans. 2. Amritsar massacre When peaceful protesters defied a government order and demonstrated against British colonial rule in Amritsar, India, on 13 April 1919, they were blocked inside the walled Jallianwala Gardens and fired upon by Gurkha soldiers. The soldiers, under the orders of Brigadier Reginald Dyer, kept firing until they ran out of ammunition, killing between 379 and 1,000 protesters and injuring another 1,100 within 10 minutes. Brigadier Dyer was later lauded a hero by the British public, who raised £26,000 for him as a thank you. 3. Partitioning of India In 1947, Cyril Radcliffe was tasked with drawing the border between India and the newly created state of Pakistan over the course of a single lunch. After Cyril Radcliffe split the subcontinent along religious lines, uprooting over 10 million people, Hindus in Pakistan and Muslims in India were forced to escape their homes as Some estimates suggest up to one million people lost their lives in sectarian killings. 4. Mau Mau Uprising Thousands of elderly Kenyans, who claim British colonial forces mistreated, raped and tortured them during the Mau Mau Uprising (1951-1960), have launched a £200m damages claim against the UK Government. Members of the Kikuyu tribe were detained in camps, since described as "Britain's gulags" or concentration camps, where they allege they were systematically tortured and suffered serious sexual assault. Estimates of the deaths vary widely: historian David Anderson estimates there were 20,000, whereas Caroline Elkins believes up to 100,000 could have died. 5. Famines in India Between 12 and 29 million Indians died of starvation while it was under the control of the British Empire, as millions of tons of wheat were exported to Britain as famine raged in India. In 1943, up to four million Bengalis starved to death when Winston Churchill diverted food to British soldiers and countries such as Greece while a deadly famine swept through Bengal. Talking about the Bengal famine in 1943, Churchill said: “I hate Indians. They are a beastly people with a beastly religion. The famine was their own fault for breeding like rabbits.”

Colonialism in Southeast Asia

SPANISH COLONIALISM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Spanish Colonialism in Mexico

Understanding ideas of Empire and colonialism in Naidu’s ‘The Gift of India’

Colonialism

Colonialism to Reconstruction Test I

Colonialism Part 3

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