Measurment of how much data can be sent in the same time frame

A large and high-speed computer that is typically used by large organizations

Multiple programs being run simultaneously over a multiple core system

The constant switching of the CPU across multiple programs to give the illusion of multiple programs being run at once

Responsible for managing primary memory

Computers location and path to a file

Translates and communicated between the OS and peripheral devices

Signal sent from device to CPU to take priority above all programs

The waiting of a device for the operating system to check its state

The use of secondary memory as primary memory

The tool used by the CPU to organize between virtiual and primary memory

The organization of stored files by the CPU

Performs arithmetic and logical operations on data.

Manages and coordinates hardware operations, interprets instructions, and controls data flow within the CPU.

Stores memory addresses for fetching or storing data/instructions in primary memory.

Temporarily holds data being fetched from or written to primary memory.

Keeps track of the address of the next instruction to be executed in memory.

Stores intermediate results of arithmetic and logic operations within the CPU.

RAM, ROM, Cache

BIOS

Boots OS after power restored

One is volatile, the other is not

A type of small, high-speed memory inside the CPU used to hold frequently used data, so that the CPU needs to access the much slower RAM less frequently​

Decode

Memory and peripheral management

Processing stored in CPU needs to be stored indefinitely, RAM and cache are volatile

Word processor

Toolbars

4 Bits

Unicode

XOR gate

NOR gate

A three-dimensional representation of geometric data that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images. The resulting images may be stored for viewing later or displayed in real time.

Uses a three-dimensional representation of geometric data that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images. The resulting images may be stored for viewing later or displayed in real time.

An implementation of the Java Virtual Machine Specification interprets compiled Java binary code (called bytecode) for a computer's processor (or "hardware platform") so that it can perform a Java program's instructions.

is a piece of hardware used to provide data to a computer used for interaction and control. It allows input of raw data to the computer for processing.

Is where secondary storage is used to expand computer physical memory as required.

Is related to multitasking where is appears that the computer is able to run more than one task concurrently. It actually does this by allocating time slices to the various processes. The key to multitasking is time slicing coupled with good memory management. Time slicing simply makes use of the speed of a modern processor to make it look as if more than one thing is happening at a time.

A system account is a user account that is created by an operating system during installation and that is used for operating system defined purposes.

is a software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. An IDE normally consists of at least a source code editor, build automation tools and a debugger. Can also mean everything installed on your machine which can affect the development and testing of your application (editors, compilers/interpreters, environment variables, libraries, performance testing, local network capacity and connectivity

The technique of keeping multiple programs in main memory at the same time, competing for the CPU

is a technique that lets multiple mobile users share the allotted spectrum in the most effective manner. In computer networks and telecommunications, the multiple access method permits various terminals to connect to the same multi-point transmission medium to transmit over it and share its capacity

The low-level software that supports a computer's basic functions, such as scheduling tasks and controlling peripherals.

This is the continuous checking of other programs or devices by one progam or device to see what state they are in.

A signal from a device attached to a computer or from a program within the computer that causes the main program that operates the computer (the operating system ) to stop and figure.

A technique of storage management that transfers data from secondary storage to main storage when they are required, and returns them to secondary storage when they are not. Paging is the dividing of memory into physical units linked with the implementation of virtual memory.

Memory that appears to exist as primary storage although most of it is supported by data held in secondary storage, transfer between the two being made automatically as required.

The ability of a computer to execute more than one program or task simultaneously. Is when a user has more than one program open at the same time. The operating system allows the user to switch between programs with each program running in a different window.

This is the activity of the process manager that handles the removal of the running process from the CPU and the selection of another process on the basis of a particular strategy. Is the management of the time for different tasks using the processor.

data stored and represented in a physical way, infinite variable range because all values are continuous (example, vinyl record)

American Standard Code for Information Interchange English characters

Arithmetic Logic Unit: "The part of the CPU where data is processed and manipulated. This processing and manipulation normally consists of arithmetic operations or logical comparisons allowing a program to make decisions."

Central Processing Unit: "The main part of the computer, consisting of the registers, ALU and control unit."

abstraction of main memory; extends the available of a system by storing inactive parts of the content RAM on a disk.

system of bytes, the language of computers of 0 or 1's.

smallest unit of info for data storage named

set of bits considered as a unit and also 8 bits

used to store frequently accessed data so it can be accessed whenever it's required

database management system, software that handles the storage, retrieval, and updating of data in a computer system.

stored through representation. Discontinuous because stored in bits. Does not degrade like analog data

integrated development environment. Programming environment that has been packaged as an application program.

1024 bytes or 2^10

2^20, a unit of information equal to one million or, strictly, 1,048,576 bytes.

accepts input for humans in the form of data or commands. ex. Word

uses collection of programs to manage a computer system's internal workings (memory, processors, devices). Makes hardware work and allows the software to run with the hardware. Allows an application program to interact with other system resources.

is the software that controls the operation of the hardware and hides its complexities from the user.

fast, violate temporary type of memory in which programs, applications and data are stored. Example, the operating system, apps, graphical user interface.

continual input, process, and output of data. Good for things that need immediate action like taking cash out the ATM.

Read Only Memory- permanent memory. Computer retains memory even after computer is turned off. non-volatile storage: ex NVRAM makes it possible to access memory even where's no power to power the system. USB drives

represents far more characters than ASCII with over 65 thousand characters

"The part of the CPU that manages the execution of instructions. The control unit fetches each instruction in sequence, and decodes and synchronises it before executing it by sending control signals to other parts of the computer."

is a solid-state high-performance byte-addressable memory device that resides on the memory bus. Being on the memory bus allows PMEM to have DRAM-like access to data, which means that it has nearly the same speed and latency of DRAM and the non-volatility of NAND flash.

Application software are the programs that are consciously used to solve end-user problems or perform work related tasks - e.g. writing a letter, keeping accounts, printing invoices, etc.

Windows, icon menus, pointers

A numerical system of notation which uses 10 as its base. The 10 Decimal base digits are 0-9."

A set of rules for manipulating truth values according to truth tables. Very important in computing as truth values in Boolean algebra are True and false, and can thus easily be represented as the binary digits 1 and 0."

The AND gate is so named because, if 0 is called "false" and 1 is called "true," the gate acts in the same way as the logical "and" operator.

The OR gate gets its name from the fact that it behaves after the fashion of the logical inclusive "or." The output is "true" if either or both of the inputs are "true." If both inputs are "false," then the output is "false." In other words, for the output to be 1, at least input one OR two must be 1.

A logical inverter, sometimes called a NOT gate to differentiate it from other types of electronic inverter devices, has only one input. It reverses the logic state. If the input is 1, then the output is 0. If the input is 0, then the output is 1.

The NAND gate operates as an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. It acts in the manner of the logical operation "and" followed by negation. The output is "false" if both inputs are "true." Otherwise, the output is "true."

The NOR gate is a combination OR gate followed by an inverter. Its output is "true" if both inputs are "false." Otherwise, the output is "false."

The XOR (exclusive-OR) gate acts in the same way as the logical "either/or." The output is "true" if either, but not both, of the inputs are "true." The output is "false" if both inputs are "false" or if both inputs are "true." Another way of looking at this circuit is to observe that the output is 1 if the inputs are different, but 0 if the inputs are the same.

are non-essential small programs that maintain the performance of the hardware or assist the user with common tasks.

Extent of change, limitations of the new system, context of use, organizational issues, and change in user roles.

Designing, changing, testing, backing up, releasing, and maintaining software.

User resistance to change, omitted features, older systems being faster, incompatibility with other systems, data loss, and expense.

Direct changeover, parallel changeover, pilot changeover, and phased changeover.

Designing software for organizations, changing software that organizations use, testing software, backing up data, releasing software, maintaining software.

Extent of change, limitations of new system, context in which the system will be used, organizational issues, change in user roles.

Users don't like change, some features may be omitted, old systems may be faster, incompatibility with other systems, data loss, expensive

Pros: Changeover swift, new system available immediately. Cons: No backup in case of failure.

Pros: Backup if new system fails, output from both systems can be compared. Cons: Running both systems is expensive.

Pros: All features tested before adoption, staff in pilot can train others, limited impact if failure. Cons: No backup for pilot group in case of failure.

Pros: Allows gradual adjustment, training in stages. Cons: No backup for the part of the system that fails.

Moving data between systems, can be a huge process, necessary for new system transition. Possible problems include incompatible file formats, data structure differences, validation rules, incomplete data transfers, and different data conventions.