What is the primary focus of conditioning in psychology?

Linking stimuli to behavioral responses

Analyzing genetic predispositions

In classical conditioning, what does 'unconditioned' mean?

No learning is required to connect stimulus and response

What is the key difference between classical and operant conditioning?

Focus on stimuli before vs consequences after a behavior

What characterizes negative reinforcement?

Removing an unpleasant stimulus

What does 'discrimination' represent in learning?

Ability to distinguish between different stimuli

What are the two characteristics of consequences in operant conditioning?

Reinforcement/punishment and positive/negative

In positive punishment, what happens?

A new undesirable task is introduced

What makes a stimulus 'neutral' in classical conditioning?

It initially produces no specific reaction

It triggers unpredictable responses

How might a student use conditioning principles for studying?

Rewarding study time with short breaks

Studying continuously without breaks

Conditioning and Learning: A Comprehensive Quiz

A1 Psychological definition of health and ill health, addiction and stress Definitions and characteristics of health and ill health, addiction and stress. Health and ill health: biomedical, biopsychosocial, health as a continuum. Behavioural and physiological addiction: o Griffiths’ six components of addiction: physical and psychological dependence (salience), tolerance, withdrawal, relapse, conflict, mood alteration o stress: definition of a stressor, psychological stress, stress and perceived ability to cope. A2 Psychological approaches to health Biological influences – of genetic predisposition, the roles of neurotransmitter imbalances. Behaviourist approaches – the role of cues, positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement to explain healthy and unhealthy behaviours; using operant conditioning to encourage and incentivise behaviour. Social learning approach – effects of parental and peer role models on healthy and unhealthy behaviours; role models in health education. • Cognitive approach – decisions to engage in behaviours to provide relief from stress, anxiety, boredom or to mitigate impacts of other health problems, resolving cognitive dissonance for behaviour change, professional biases in diagnoses and treatments. A3 Theories of stress, behavioural addiction and physiological addiction Theories: key concepts of psychological theories of stress, behavioural addiction and physiological addiction, to include: Health belief model concepts of perceived seriousness, susceptibility, cost-benefit analysis, how demographic variables such as age, gender, culture and external/internal cues affect behaviour Locus of control: internal and external locus of control, the role of attributions in determining health behaviour

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