Which of the following is the most common hyperplastic childhood breast anomaly? 

An otherwise healthy 14-year-old girl with Poland syndrome is brought to the office because of breast asymmetry and severe symptoms of right macromastia. She wears a size E cup brassiere and needs to fill the left side to attain symmetry in clothes. On examination, she has amazia and an absent sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle on the left side and macromastia of the right breast. Which of the following is the most appropriate reconstructive option for this patient?

A 21-year-old woman comes to the office because of a lump 2 cm below the inframammary fold. She says she has “always had it,” but it grew larger during pregnancy and has not decreased. The mass was painful during breast-feeding, and it is occasionally tender. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 16-year-old girl comes to the clinic because she is dissatisfied with the asymmetric appearance of her breasts. Physical examination shows the right nipple-areola complex is more superiorly located and the breast volume is small. There is absence of the right anterior axillary fold. Which of the following other physical examination findings is most likely?

An otherwise healthy 27-year-old man comes to the office for removal of asymptomatic enlarged breasts that have persisted unchanged since onset at age 14. He takes no medications and does not use recreational drugs. Physical examination shows symmetrical collections of rubbery, firm subareolar tissue 4.5 cm in diameter. There is scant surrounding fatty tissue and no ptosis; areolas are 28 mm in diameter. Which of the following is the most appropriate management of this patient’s condition?