unnecessary damage after initial period of service include undue packing rubbing , shell distortion and __ of turbine parts.

4 Factor invlove during Starting and loading  need to be consider. Abcd.

as a result of frequent starting and loading, ___ due to thermal stress is produced. 

LCFI

when sum of these indexes through years approches __ -possibility of crack may begin on the surface of rotor.

Rotor center stress, centrifugal stress and thermal stress should not exceed __ of yield strength to prevent crack initiation..

The ___ limit should not be exceeded during any temperature changes transient.

Rotor Bursting, would be quite unlikely, in such instances bed material is above its ____ transition temperature.

after turbine shutdown put turning gear for ___ hours.

Excessive steam to metal temperature mismatches/ rate of change of metal can head to ___ - adequate controlat thermal stress is maintained.

when steam flow control is changed fro “ICV to CV” control during load up from initial load to pre determined load. Necessary watch “____”.

located at hottest portions of turbine (HP and reheat) sections. Including

CV chest, First stage Nozzle bowl passage and shell area, high pressure and reheat rotors,

Two Forms of temperature limitation?

formula Rotor center limit?

Most desirable way to limit value and shell metal temperature differential rates of change and thermal stress is the matching of _____ to ____.

First 4-Supervisory Instruments

second 4 - Supervisory Instruments

Improve methods - since all at control valves are open in low loads operation, parts down stream control valves are exposed to steam temperature.

Improve method - during rolling, synchronizing and initial loading period - can produce a controllable steam temperature over wide range of turbine flow.

maximum hood temperature for normal operation most not excedd __ C. - to avoid sudden thermal changes.

Prior to rolling, prior to turbine metal temperature and steam condition should be  recorded prior to?

Defines as changes from one steady state load to another.

During cold start, the turbine should not overspeed-until it has carried __  or greater load for at least 3 hours.

Temperature and rate of hot reheat decreased considering 3 points.

operation  at low loads which require LP exhaust spray water should not be prolonged because , increase rates of ___ of the last stages  blade.