Which of the following statements best describes current knowledge regarding the effects of exposure to low doses (less than 20 rad) of ionizing radiation?

What is a rad?

What is a rem?

What is meant by R?

What is an Sv?

According to the Laws of Bergonié and Tribondeau, which of the following statements is true?

Events that can occur on the cellular level as a result of radiation exposure include1. cell death.2. cellular malfunction.3. mitotic failure.4. mitosis resulting in abnormal daughter cells.

What is the SI system dose equivalent unit for occupational radiation dose?

All of the following are potential latent effects of a low radiation dose (less than 0.2 Gy), except

Characteristics that are significant in categorizing radiation effects include1. length of time from exposure to effect.2. predictability vs. randomness.3. quantity of dose.4. type of radiation involved.

Stochastic radiation effects are difficult to identify and measure because1. they are relatively rare.2. they can occur in the absence of radiation exposure.3. there is a long time lapse between exposure and effect.

Safety precautions for a pregnant radiographer should include1. wearing a fetal radiation monitor badge.2. working assignments that permit her to stand behind a lead barrier during exposures.3. working in an area of the hospital where radiation is not used.

A charge of battery may result if a patient is

Your friend is scheduled to have an arteriogram and is concerned about the safety of this procedure. She asks for your opinion. You should

Information confided to which of the following professionals is not legally “privileged”?

When a hospital radiographer innocently commits an error as the result of following the orders of an attending physician, the physician may be held responsible according to the

The term ethics refers to

A radiographer who does not allow a patient who refuses an examination to leave may be liable for charges of

All of the following are elements of a malpractice charge, except

Violations of state radiation control regulations, such as practicing outside the legal scope of practice, are usually classified as

A tort is a(n)

A law enacted under the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to protect the privacy rights of patients is called the

A sensitivity to the needs of others that allows you to meet those needs constructively is characteristic of

Mandatory, specific, and enforceable standards of minimally acceptable professional conduct for all registered technologists are called

A four-step process for evaluating situations where the correct action is in question so that one can act appropriately and defend one’s actions is called

A widely accepted ethical standard for selecting and defending solutions to ethical dilemmas in healthcare communities uses six moral principles as guides to right action. This standard is called

In legal matters, the person called the plaintiff is

The failure to use reasonable care or caution in the context of a professional relationship is termed

Which of the following is the most effective way to meet legal requirements when obtaining informed consent from a patient who does not speak English?

When communication has been validated, this means that the speaker has

Which of the following is an example of appropriate assertiveness by a radiographer?

What is usually the first phase of experience in the grieving process?

Which of the following statements is true with regard to comatose patients?

Mrs. Burns has been waiting to hear the results of the MRI done on her daughter. Her continuous rude interruptions and loud demands for information are very annoying. Her behavior is most likely a reflection that

When confidential patient information is to be transmitted by fax, it should be

When a patient has impaired hearing, which of the following strategies is least likely to be helpful?

Communication with coworkers is not improved when using which of the following strategies?

When you must touch a patient, you are less likely to unintentionally offend if you1. tell the patient in advance what you are about to do.2. use a firm, appropriate touch.3. have a professional purpose that is clear to the patient.

An electrolarynx is a device that assists communication for some who have

Belief in the ancient superstition of the mal ojo, or “evil eye,” is most likely to be encountered in individuals whose ethnic background is

Which of the following offers a valid choice?

In the United States, a patient’s right to communicate effectively in healthcare situations, regardless of language barriers, is guaranteed by

Fire marshals state that common infractions of fire safety rules in hospitals involve1. improper storage of flammables.2. fire doors blocked open.3. unapproved extension cords.4. storing equipment in corridors.

If there is a fire in your immediate area, the first thing you should do is

In the language of body mechanics, the base of support refers to

Which of the following statements does not apply to the Rules of Body Mechanics?

The acronym RACE stands for

The acronym RACE is a helpful way to remember

What type(s) of musculoskeletal disorder(s) is/are more likely to occur in technologists who perform computerized modalities?1. RMIs2. RSIs3. CTDs4. Vision problems

In the language of body mechanics, the center of gravity refers to

With respect to the type of fire extinguisher needed, an electrical fire is designated as

Electrical equipment used on or near patients must1. be approved for hospital use.2. have grounded plugs.3. be inspected regularly and repaired if needed.

The 2015 National Patient Safety Goals include1. using at least two ways to identify patients.2. improving staff communication.3. using hand hygiene guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control.

In a slide board transfer, the patient is helped to

Checking transportation equipment for safety is the responsibility of

When two persons are assisting a patient to move from a stretcher onto a bed, they should position themselves so that

When positioning or transporting a patient who has undergone hip replacement via the anterior surgical approach, which of the following movements is usually well tolerated?

When a patient who has not stood or walked since an accident, stroke, or surgery must be taken to the imaging department, the best method is to

A brief, mild reduction in the oxygen supply to the brain occurring with changes in body position that may cause the patient to feel faint is called

Patients who have undergone hip replacement via the posterior surgical approach should avoid which of the following movements?

When assisting a stroke patient to walk, you should place yourself

When assisting a patient from bed to wheelchair, you should1. elevate the head of the bed.2. lower the bed as far as possible.3. use the face-to-face assist to help the patient stand.4. assist the patient to pivot with back to wheelchair before sitting down.

Patients who have back injuries are more comfortable moving to a supine position from

Before helping a patient rise from a wheelchair, you should1. position the wheelchair in a convenient place.2. set the brakes.3. remove the lap cover.4. move the foot and leg rests out of the way.

All of the following are microorganisms, except

Which microorganisms occur as yeasts or molds and can infect the skin, nail beds, and scalp?

The portal of entry describes the

The contaminated food, water, drugs, or blood that transport microorganisms are referred to as a

Which microorganisms are classified according to their shape and a staining process?

Passive immunity is immunity that occurs as a result of

The portal of exit describes the

A spirochete is an example of a

Single-celled animals that are classified according to whether they are motile or nonmotile are called

Properties of pathogens that distinguish them from normal flora are called

When an infection causes the body to produce an inflammatory response, white blood cells engulf microorganisms in a process called

One type of microorganism is very difficult to treat medically because there are few effective medications and those are effective for only a limited number of organisms. This statement refers to

Which of the following is not usually considered a portal of entry for pathogenic organisms?

The practice of separating infectious patients from others and carefully controlling items that come in contact with these patients is called

Under the system of protective precautions, the radiographer who handles the x-ray unit

A patient diagnosed with a contagious respiratory infection is being transported to the radiology department. Which of the following must be done to prevent transmission of the patient’s infection?

Reducing the probability of infectious organisms being transmitted to a susceptible individual is called

A patient placed under airborne precautions requires a bedside chest radiograph. The radiographer must follow standard precautions and must don

Hand hygiene refers to decontamination of the hands using1. soap and water.2. alcohol-based hand rubs.3. an antiseptic hand wash.

The current CDC recommendation for isolating patients with known infections is called

All of these sterilization methods have special indicators that change color, signifying that sterilization has been achieved, except for1. autoclaving (steam sterilization).2. conventional gas sterilization.3. gas plasma technology.

When opening a sterile pack, the first corner of the wrap is opened

Sterilization is essential to

Which of the following methods of sterilization is a safer method of sterilizing heat- and moisture-sensitive items in hospitals?

Packages are considered sterile if they meet the following criteria:1. The expiration date has not been exceeded.2. The sterility indicators have changed to a predetermined color.3. The package is clean and dry, unopened, and unpunctured.

Which of the following items will not be needed if you are going to perform a presurgical skin preparation?

Which of the following is an acceptable alternative to a surgical hand scrub?

Sterile technique is necessary during

When gloving by the closed gloving method, the gloves are put on

A topical antiseptic solution, such as Betadine, is used to perform which of the listed procedures?

Instruments with long, narrow lumina must be sterilized using which method?

Surgical attire donned before the surgical hand scrub/hand rub should not include

Joan Gordon, 72, has dentures, glasses, and a hearing aid. You should

When a patient needs to void during an examination in the imaging department

Mark Novak is an ambulatory inpatient who needs to urinate while in the imaging department. His chart states that a urine specimen is needed. You should

A body position in which the patient is lying on his or her back with the head and upper body elevated is called

Patients who suffer from orthopnea need to have

When you have drained a urinary collection bag, what tasks remain to be completed?1. Measure the urine and empty the measuring container.2. Remove your gloves and perform hand hygiene.3. Chart the amount of urine.4. Reinsert the catheter into the patient.

Body temperatures vary during the day and usually are lowest

Which of the following statements is true with respect to taking a medical history for a radiographic examination?

Which of the following routes and methods is rarely used to monitor the body temperature of an adult patient?

Rectal temperatures may be contraindicated because

Which of the following statements is true with respect to electrocardiograms?

In electrocardiography, PVC stands for

A normal oxygen saturation value is represented by which of the following percentages?

When is it not advisable to take a temperature orally?1. When the patient has had a hot or cold beverage.2. When the patient is receiving oxygen.3. When the patient is breathing through the mouth.

Which of the following sites should be used to monitor an irregular or slow pulse?

What type of question should you ask the patient to begin a patient history?

Which of the following blood pressure readings would be categorized as stage 1 hypertension?

Which of the following blood pressure readings would fall within the range of the “new” normal?

When a patient is experiencing tachypnea, the patient is breathing more than

Tachycardia, combined with a weak or “thready” pulse, is usually a result of

Administering nitroglycerine under the patient’s tongue is an example of

A common site for blood draws and emergency IV injections is

The proper height for an IV bottle or bag is

Which of the following sites is preferred when giving IM injections to children younger than age 5?

If extravasation occurs during IV infusion, you should remove the needle or catheter, apply pressure, and then

If an IV infusion runs too fast, it may cause

Which route is direct application of medication to the surface of the skin?

A “skin test,” such as a test for tuberculosis, which is administered to an area on the anterior forearm, is an example of the _________________ route of medication administration.

Which administration route is the injection of a contrast medium into the subarachnoid space for a myelogram?

All of these are included in the six rights of drug administration, except

When possible, trauma patients with massive life-threatening conditions will be treated at a

Research has proven that victims of massive trauma who survive the initial injury have a greater chance of recovery if their condition can be stabilized within the “golden” period, which refers to the first

Which of the following are accepted methods for administering oxygen?1. Mask2. Nasal prongs3. Ventilator4. Tent

When a patient is unable to cope with secretions or emesis because of a low level of consciousness, the emergency treatment most likely needed is

A serious, unexpected event that demands immediate attention is correctly termed a(n)

The three greatest risks to survival that determine priority in a trauma unit are paralysis, cardiac arrest, and

A large area, such as a lobby, used in the event of a disaster for the process of identifying the victims, performing initial examinations, and assigning priorities for further care is called a

A multidrawered cabinet on wheels that contains medications, supplies, and equipment needed in the event of a cardiac arrest is called a(n)

The most common cause of death for individuals under 40 years of age in the United States is

The type of oxygen mask most appropriate for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, such as emphysema, is a

An emergency drug that is a vasoconstrictor, increases cardiac output, raises blood pressure, and relaxes bronchioles is

Xylocaine (Lidocaine) is a drug found on the emergency code cart that can be used for treating cardiac emergencies because it is a(n)

Before suctioning a patient, it is important to check the suction system for which of the following?

When patients who suffer from a chronic lung disease, such as emphysema, experience respiratory distress, they should receive

The vital sign that most accurately indicates the condition of shock is the

A sensation of pain or discomfort in the chest that occurs when the coronary arteries are unable to supply the heart with sufficient oxygen may be precipitated by exertion or stress and is usually relieved by rest or the sublingual administration of nitroglycerin. This condition is called

A dizzy sensation that feels as if the room is spinning and that often causes nausea may be reported by patients who suffer from

All of the following actions are appropriate when caring for a patient who is experiencing a tonic-clonic seizure, except for

A fracture that results in crushing of the bone into many small fragments is called a

Patients with massive trauma are transported on a backboard and are not removed from it until

Which of the following is not a sign of shock?

An acute attack of asthma or other reactive airway disease may be treated by the administration of oxygen and

A patient who suddenly demonstrates increased thirst, increased urinary output, decreased appetite, nausea, weakness, confusion, and coma requires the administration of

A diabetic patient who has taken insulin but eaten no food may develop

A numeric system developed to evaluate the changing status of coma patients that can be used by a variety of healthcare workers is called the

An AED has the ability to do all of the following except

The purpose of using contrast media in gastrointestinal studies is to

Barium enema administration may differ from cleansing enema administration with respect to1. the height of the enema bag.2. the amount of liquid used.3. the size of the catheter.

Patients who require priority scheduling for studies that require fasting are1. emergencies.2. diabetic patients.3. infants and small children.4. geriatric patients.

The substance used to provide radiographic contrast in the gastrointestinal tract of patients who may have a perforation of the alimentary canal is

The substance most commonly used to provide radiographic contrast in the gastrointestinal tract is

Preparation for an upper gastrointestinal examination usually requires

A black, tarry substance in the stool is an indication of

As a result of its hygroscopic nature, the oral or rectal administration of barium sulfate poses a risk of

If the patient feels “full” after the administration of 150 mL of a cleansing enema solution, you should

Bowel obstruction is a serious condition that may result from

When an upper GI series is delayed because the stomach does not empty due to pylorospasm, it is often helpful to have the patient lie in the _____________ position.

Which of the following condition(s) cause(s) weakening and inflammation of the colon?1. Ulcerative colitis2. Diverticulitis3. Hemorrhoids4. Hiatal hernia

Which of the following liquids is not appropriate for patients on a liquid diet in preparation for a colon examination?

There are five principal types of cathartics: bulk, lubricant, emollient, saline, and stimulant. Of these, the two types that are commonly used in preparation for imaging studies of the gastrointestinal tract are

Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) is an example of which type of cathartic?

Tap water used for a cleansing enema should be

Pocket formations in mucous membranes, most commonly in the colon, are termed

Enlarged veins in the lower esophagus that are often associated with liver disease are called

Which of the following conditions is least likely to be an adverse reaction to the intravenous injection of aqueous iodinated contrast media?

Which of the following data will the radiologist need prior to injection of a contrast medium for an excretory urogram?1. Allergy history2. Baseline blood pressure3. BUN and creatinine levels

When a T-tube is properly placed, the cross-bar of the T rests in the1. hepatic duct.2. common bile duct.3. cystic duct.

For approximately 8 hours following myelography, the patient is

Low-osmolar contrast agents, as compared to high-osmolar agents, are1. more toxic.2. less likely to initiate an allergic response.3. more likely to cause nausea.

ERCP stands for

An ionic iodinated contrast agent is one that

Gases commonly used as contrast agents are air and

A substantial intravenous dose delivered rapidly is called a(n)

The principal laboratory tests used to evaluate renal function prior to the injection of iodinated contrast media are the BUN and

Images taken within the first 3 minutes after injection for excretory urography that demonstrate a hazy opacification to the entire kidney structure are referred to as

A device to drain bile from the hepatic and common bile ducts to the outside of the body following cholecystectomy is called a

Which of the following sites is commonly selected for lumbar puncture to instill a contrast agent for myelography?

When a contrast medium is described as aqueous, this means that

Aqueous iodine compounds that are injected into the body are removed from the blood and excreted

Which is a functional study of the urinary system consisting of radiographic images taken following the intravenous injection of a water-soluble nonionic iodine contrast medium?

Which of the following treatment situations presents the greatest risk to the patient if momentarily disconnected?

An infant with newborn atelectasis would most likely require radiographs of the

Bedside radiography is often preferable to radiography in the diagnostic imaging department when patients are in1. the PACU.2. isolation.3. orthopedic traction.

A Salem-Sump tube is an example of a(n)

It is especially important to have suction equipment immediately available for patients who

Which of the following central venous catheters may be used for either short- or long-term therapy and introduced through a vein in the antecubital fossa?

A nasogastric tube may be used for all of the following, except

When doing a bedside examination of a critical neonate in the ICU, the radiographer should1. perform hand hygiene and don a gown before entering the unit.2. remove the neonate from the incubator before taking the x-ray.3. x-ray the neonate within the incubator.

To avoid respiratory motion blur when obtaining a bedside radiograph on a patient connected to a mechanical ventilator, the radiographer should

Nasoenteric tubes are used for which of the following purposes?1. Decompression2. Instillation of contrast media for radiographic examination3. Feeding

Which of the following are names of typical nasoenteric tubes?1. Miller-Abbott2. Harris3. Dobbhoff

The hospital unit that is designed and staffed for close observation and care of patients following operative procedures that require a general anesthetic agent is called the

Which of the following steps should radiographers follow before performing any bedside x-ray examination?1. Check with the nurse in charge to inquire about the patient’s condition.2. Confirm the order in the patient’s chart.3. Greet the patient and check the room before bringing in the equipment.

What is the special precaution taken when obtaining a mobile abdomen x-ray on a patient lying on an air mattress?