Non-living components of an environment, such as temperature, water, and sunlight, that affect living organisms within that environment.

Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms, either by eating plants or other animals.

A series of interactions in which energy and nutrients flow from one organism to another, starting from producers to various levels of consumers.

The process by which water vapor in the air is transformed into liquid water, often forming clouds.

This part of the environment includes all living organisms and their interactions within their surroundings.

The biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment, functioning together as a unit.

The conversion of carbon dioxide and sunlight into glucose and oxygen by plants, a fundamental biological process for life on Earth.

A network of food chains that are interconnected, showing how energy and nutrients circulate within an ecosystem.

Living organisms that break down dead organic material and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem.

An organism that feeds on dead organic matter, often leftovers from other predators, playing a vital role in the ecosystem's nutrient cycling.

Processes involved in the continuous movement of water within the Earth's atmosphere and surface, including evaporation and precipitation.

The cycle that describes the movement of carbon as it is recycled and reused throughout the environment, involving processes like photosynthesis and respiration.

Organisms, typically plants, that produce their own food using sunlight or chemical energy, forming the base of various food chains and webs.

Living organisms that primarily eat plants, constituting the first level of consumers in a food chain.

The process where liquid water is transformed into vapor, leading to the formation of clouds in the atmosphere.

The gas that is a byproduct of photosynthesis and is essential for respiration in animals and humans.

A gas present in the atmosphere that is crucial for photosynthesis but can contribute to climate change when in excess.

The primary source of energy for life on Earth, driving processes like photosynthesis and influencing climate.