What is the purpose of the engine's exhaust manifold?

To collect exhaust gases from the cylinders

To inject fuel into the cylinders

Engine components 20 questions imi level 3

WHAT IS SCIENCE? - is a way in which answers related to NATURAL events are proposed. - a way in which people can learn and UNDERSTAND events in the NATURAL WORLD - based on OBSERVABLE EVENTS - a study of the NATURAL WORLD - a method of DISCOVERY and UNDERSTANDING by using a PROBLEM-SOLVING process called the?? - A systematic body of knowledge based on observation and experimentation. FOUR COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENCE: 1. It focuses on the NATURAL WORLD. 2. Goes through experiment. 3. Relies on evidence. 4. Passes through the scientific community. WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY? Brian Arthur (2009) defined technology as: 1. a means to fulfill a human purpose 2. assemblage of practices and components 3. a collection of devices and engineering practices available to a culture. SOCIETY ST (Science Technology) would not exist without society. WHAT IS STS? Science and Technology and Society (STS) is the study of how society, politics and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation and how these, in turn affects society, politics and culture. EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THAT TRANSFORMED THE SOCIETY (IN THE WORLD) ANCIENT PERIOD 3500 BC. - 500 AD EUROPE - use of fire by Homo Erectus CA 750,000 - Stone Headed Spears CA 45,000 - Wooden bow and arrow CA 20,000 - The Minoans build palaces in Crete CA 2,000 THE AMERICAS - The Folsom people living on eastern side of the Rocky Mountain developed sophisticated tools CA 8,000. - Pottery is made in South America CA 6,000 - Olmec sculpture carves figurines and giant human heads. CA 1200 ASIA AND OCEANA - Earliest known clay pots are made in Japan CA 11,000. - Bronze is first made in Thailand CA 4000 - A lunar calendar is developed in China CA 2950 - Chinese doctors begin using acupuncture CA 2500 - The Hindu calendar of 360 days was introduced in India CA 1000 AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST - Homo erectus uses stone tools CA 1000000 - CA 15000 in Africa, bone harpoons are used for fishing. - Clay tokens are used for record keeping in Mesopotamia CA 7500 - Mesopotamian mathematicians discover the Pythagorean Theorem MEDIEVAL PERIOD CA 500 -1500 - Dark ages because few written records and evidences remained - Scholastic tradition was established by Charlemagne - Vertical windmills, spectacles, mechanical clock, water mills, gothic style were invented - Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press RENAISSANCE PERIOD 14TH – 17TH CENTURY - Rebirth of revival - Printing with movable type allowed Bible, secular books made in large amount - Nicolas Copernicus presented a heliocentric theory - Galileo Galilei invented telescope INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 18TH CENTURY - Skilled workers were set aside because of the machines - Iron production, steam engine and textile flourished - Scottish James Watt improved steam engine Robert Fulton (steam boat) - The following were invented: Light bulb, telephone, first steam powered locomotive 19TH CENTURY - Age of machine and tools - Herman Helmholtz (law of conservation of energy) - James Clark Maxwell (light as electro-magnetic wave) - Henry Becquerel (radioactivity) - Marie and Pierre Curie (radium) - Hans Christian Oersted (electric current near the magnet) - Michael Faraday (magnet produces electricity) - Atomic Theory proposed by John Dalton - Electron discovered by JJ. Thomson - Telegraph developed by Samuel Morse 20TH CENTURY - Communication, transportation, military research were developed - Personal computer was created - Intel developed microprocessor - Apple was introduced by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak - Internet was created (ARPANET) - Henry Ford's mass production of cars - Artificial Intelligence was invented SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY (PHILIPPINE HISTORY) Stone Age - Archeological findings show that modern man from Asian mainland first came over land on across narrow channels to live in Batangas and Palawan about 48,000 B.C. - Subsequently they formed settlement in Sulu, Davao, Zamboanga, Samar, Negros, Batangas, Laguna, Rizal, Bulacan and Cagayan. Inventions - They made simple tools and weapons of stone flakes and later developed method of sawing and polishing stones around 40,000 B.C. - By around 3,000 B.C. they were producing adzes ornaments of seashells and pottery. Pottery flourished for the next 2,000 years until they imported Chinese porcelain. Soon they learned to produce copper, bronze, iron, and gold metal tools and ornaments. Iron Age - The Iron Age lasted from the third century B.C. to 11th century A.D. During this period Filipinos were engaged in extraction smelting and refining of iron from ores, until the importation of cast iron from Sarawak and later from China. INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES - They learn to weave cotton, make glass ornaments, and cultivate lowland rice and dike fields of terraced fields utilizing spring water in mountain regions. - They also learned to build boats for trading purposes. - Spanish chronicles noted refined plank built warships called caracoa suited for interisland trade raids 10TH CENTURY A.D. - Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with Champa (Vietnam) and those from Ma-I (Mindoro) with China as noted in Chinese records containing several references to the Philippines. These archaeological findings indicated that regular trade relations between the Philippines, China and Vietnam had been well established from the 10th century to the 15th century A.D. TRADING - The People of Ma-I and San-Hsu (Palawan) traded bee wax, cotton, pearls, coconut heart mats, tortoise shell and medicinal betel nuts, panie cloth for porcelain, leads fishnets sinker, colored glass beads, iron pots, iron needles and tin. SOME PRESPANISH FILIPINO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - Curative values of plants extract use as medicine - Alphabet (Alibata) - Counting Methods - Weights - Measuring system (isang gatang) - Calendar based on the periods of moon - Banaue Rice Terraces SPANISH REGIME  Religion the Catholic Church - The latter part of the 16th Century Development of schools: - Colegio de San Ildefonso-Cebu-1595 - Colegio de San Ignacio-Manila-1595 - Colegio De Nuestra Senora del Rosario-Manila 1597 - Colegio De San Jose-Manila-1601  Colegio De San Ildefonso De Cebu - In 1863 the colonial authorities issued a royal degree to reform the existing educational system. In 1871 the school of medicine and pharmacy were opened to UST, after 15 years it had granted the degree Of Licenciado En Medicina to 62 graduates.  Medicine - Development of hospitals San Juan Lazaro hospital the oldest in the far east was founded in 1578.  Roads and Bridges Among other Spanish contributions: - Arithmetic - Algebra - Geometry - Trigonometry - Physics - Hydrography - Meteorology - Navigation - Pilotage American Period and Post Commonwealth Era - BUREAU OF GOVERNMENT LABORATORIES (1901) - BUREAU OF SCIENCE (1905) - INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE (1946) RA 2067 OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE “SCIENCE ACT OF 1958”. - This was enacted to integrate, coordinate, and intensify scientific and technological research and development and to foster invention including allocation of funds and other purposes. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL WAS ESTABLISHED ON DECEMBER 8, 1933. - Its Mandate (Nrcp) Promotes And Supports Fundamental Or Basic Research For The Continuing Total Improvement Of The Research Capability Of Individual Scientists Or Group Of Scientists; Provides Advice On Problems And Issues Of National Interest; Promotes Scientific And Technological Culture To All Sectors Of Society; And Fosters Linkages With Local And International Scientific Organizations For Enhanced Cooperation In The Development And Sharing Of Information NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL WAS ESTABLISHED IN DECEMBER 8, 1933. - Its Mandate (NRCP) promotes and supports fundamental or basic research for the continuing total improvement of the research capability of individual scientists or group of scientists; provides advice on problems and issues of national interest; promotes scientific and technological culture to all sectors of society; and fosters linkages with local and international scientific organizations for enhanced cooperation in the development and sharing of information. It was during the American Period when Science was inclined towards: - Agriculture - Food Processing - Forestry - Medicine - Pharmacy - Nursing

Engine Components

Engine Main Components

3rd QUARTER QUIZ 1 Module 1 part 1 Perform Diesel Engine Tune-up (Diesel Parts and Components)

Camshaft: A rotating shaft in an engine that controls the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves. Aftercooler (air to air): A device that cools the compressed air from a turbocharger using outside air. Glow Plugs: Heating elements used to aid in starting diesel engines in cold temperatures. Timing Cover: The cover that protects the timing gears and belt or chain in an engine. Exhaust Manifold: A component that collects exhaust gases from multiple cylinders and directs them to the exhaust pipe. Oil Suction Tube: A tube that draws oil from the oil pan to the oil pump. Air Compressor: A device that increases the pressure of air and is often used to power air brakes or pneumatic tools. Oil Cooler: A device that cools the engine oil, helping prevent it from overheating. Supercharger/Blower: A device that increases the pressure of the air-fuel mixture entering the engine to boost power. Piston Rings: Rings around the piston that seal the combustion chamber, control oil consumption, and conduct heat. Crankshaft: A shaft that converts the linear motion of the pistons into rotational motion to power the vehicle. Oil Pan: A reservoir at the bottom of the engine that collects and holds the engine oil. Connecting Rod: Connects the piston to the crankshaft, converting the piston's motion into rotational motion. Stroke: The distance the piston travels within the cylinder, from top dead center to bottom dead center. 2 Cycle: A type of engine that completes a power cycle in two strokes of the piston. Crankshaft Main Bearing: The bearing that supports the crankshaft in the engine block. Aftercooler (water/coolant): A device that cools the compressed air from a turbocharger using water or coolant. Water Pump: A pump that circulates coolant through the engine and radiator to prevent overheating. Oil Filter: A filter that removes contaminants from the engine oil. Vibration Dampener: A device attached to the crankshaft to reduce engine vibrations. Piston Wrist Pin: The pin that connects the piston to the connecting rod. Valve Cover: The cover that protects the engine's valves and camshaft. Cylinder Block: The main structure of an engine that houses the cylinders and other components. ECM/ECU: Electronic Control Module or Electronic Control Unit, which controls various engine functions. Cylinder Head: The top part of the cylinder that contains the combustion chamber, valves, and spark plugs. Oil Pump: A pump that circulates oil through the engine to lubricate moving parts. Cylinder Liner: A sleeve inside the cylinder that protects it from wear and corrosion. TDC (Top Dead Center): The highest position the piston reaches in its stroke. Bore: The diameter of a cylinder in an engine. Flywheel: A heavy wheel that stores rotational energy to smooth out engine operation. Crankshaft Rod Bearing: The bearing that connects the crankshaft to the connecting rod. Push Tube / Push Rod: Rods that transmit motion from the camshaft to the valves. Piston: A cylindrical component that moves up and down within the cylinder to create power. Flywheel Housing: The casing that surrounds and supports the flywheel. Valve Lifter or Cam Follower: A component that follows the camshaft lobes to open and close the valves. Turbo: A device that increases the engine’s power by forcing more air into the combustion chamber. Intake & Exhaust Valves: Valves that control the intake of air and the exhaust of gases in the engine. Intake Manifold: A manifold that distributes the air-fuel mixture or air to the cylinders. Rocker Arm: A lever that transfers camshaft motion to the valves. Wastegate: A valve that controls the exhaust gases flowing to the turbocharger, preventing excessive boost pressure. Fuel Injector: A device that sprays fuel into the combustion chamber. Fuel Pump: A pump that moves fuel from the fuel tank to the engine. BDC (Bottom Dead Center): The lowest position the piston reaches in its stroke. 4 Cycle: A type of engine that completes a power cycle in four strokes (intake, compression, power, exhaust). Articulated Piston: A piston with two pieces (crown and skirt) joined by a pivot, allowing some flexibility in movement.

Small Engie Components

Automotive Engine Component and Systems

engine

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