A movement for religious reform

important religious ceremonies

a warrior in medieval Europe who fought on horseback

Non-religious

An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements

land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service

In feudal Europe, a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals

A knight who promised to support a lord in exchange for land

Church officials

the buying and selling of church offices

of the middle ages; of or relating to a mysterious, grotesque, and desolate style of fiction

A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia

Jerusalem and parts of the surrounding area where Jesus lived and taught

A medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people.

A legal system based on custom and court rulings

a document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges.

the lawmaking body of British government

the official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches that occurred in 1054

A terrible famine in 1315-1322 that hit much of Europe after a period of climate change.

the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe

disease brought to Europe during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population and helps end Feudalism. Rats, fleas.

a rebirth or revival

People who financially supported artists

the idea that nothing can ever be known for certain

a 16th century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority

Banishment from the church

Followers of Martin Luther

Theory of the elect: certain people already chosen by God to achieve salvation

declare invalid

Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life.

a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.

states whose populations share a sense of national identity, usually including a language and culture

(n.) an opinion different from accepted belief; the denial of an idea that is generally held sacred