Which one of these is not the 4 ways of knowing?

Let's say that someone was told by their teacher that children get eaten by the devil and the child believed them.  What way of knowing would this be?

The problem with personal experience is that there is no comparison able to be made

Primates are capable of using language

Bozo the chimp is a primate

Therefore Bozo the chimp is capable of using language

What kind of way of knowing is this?

Let's say a teenage sometimes listens to "Vampire" By Olivia Rodrigo and sometimes when she listens to "Vampire", she has found $20 on the ground. She believes when she listens to "Vampire" by Olivia Rodrigo, she will find $20 on the ground. 

Is this present-present bias?

Which one of these are not the reason the scientific approach is better?

Pseudoscience is what?

The 2 basic assumptions of  scientific approach is

1.  Not all events have a cause

2. Causes are not observable

Which one of these is not goals of research in psychology?

Does social media usage decrease body image satisfaction?

Is this a good research question? (yes or no)

A researcher wants to investigate if running every day increases happiness. What is the IV and what is the DV?

Operational definition of sadness

The number of times someone cries

Is this an operational definition of sadness? (yes or no)

Operational definition of joy

The increase in joy

Is this an operational definition of joy? (yes or no)

A construct is a psychological phenomenon that cannot be directly observed, but can be inferred from behavior

What is a theory and a hypothesis?

Lack of sleep will decrease energy levels.

Is this a theory?

Rejection sensitivity decreases friendship quality because individuals with rejection sensitivity tend to engage in behaviors that are hurtful to their friendships.

Is this a hypothesis?

H.O.M.E.R is the acronym for examining previous literature

Which one of these is a primary source and which one is a secondary source?

If I am observing the habits of gorillas in their natural habitat, is that a lab study?

Which is quantitative data and qualitative data?

Which one is not a type of reliability?

I conduct an experiment to see if the color blindness test, I am using is reliable. I have participants take the colorblindness test today and then have them take the same test in 3 weeks. The results from the first test they took is the same as the results from the second test. What kind of reliability am I testing?

I have created a measure for body image satisfaction. 

The 2 items I have are, 

"I do not like the way my body looks"

"I like the way I look in the mirror"

If someone says that they agree with the first item AND the second item, what reliability are we finding a problem with?

I want to observe how many times a monkey shows aggressive behavior. I have multiple research assistants that count the number of times the monkeys slap each other. I find that my research assistants have varying answers of how many times the monkeys slap each other. 

What reliability am I finding a problem with?

Which is the definition of construct validity and criterion validity? 

I am conducting an experiment about friendship quality.  Participants took my friendship quality measure that I created and a friendship quality measure that already existed that accurately measures friendship quality. 

Participants results on my test compared to their results on the other friendship quality measure were not at all similar. Which validity is this an example of?

I am conducting a study to see if a cognitive ability test can later predict someone's future job success. What validity am I testing?

I want to research if pinky finger length will reflect an individual's self-esteem. To measure self-esteem, I measure the length of participants pinky finger. 

What level of reliability and validity does this experiment have>

People's nationality is an example of what measurement scale?

If I measure people's language ability in beginner, intermediate and advance, what measurement scale am I using?

If I look at the number of correct responses from an exam, what measurement scale am I using?

I am examining the temperatures of Oswego over the years. What measurement scale am I using?

What is the example of discrete variable and what is the example of the continuous variable?

A type 1 error is when we reject the null hypothesis, but the null hypothesis is false

Type 2 error is when we retain (fail to reject) the null hypothesis, but the null hypothesis is false

We can control for type 1 errors by using a larger sample size

We can control for type 1 error by using a lower alpha level

Total variance = systematic variance + error variance

Effect size is an estimate of the magnitude of the relationship between variables

Confidence intervals are the range of values expected to contain the population value for a certain degree of confidence