bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen.

the existence of bacteria in urine.

a muscular pouch that stores urine until it is expelled.

a capsule that surrounds the glomerulus.

plural form of calculus- stones; solidified masses usually formed from mineral salts.

also known as a stone -solidified mass usually formed from mineral salts.

the tiniest blood vessel.

elements formed in the renal tubules consisting of Tamm-Horsfall protein.

a chemical used to produce a colored end product in a chemical reaction.

This form of bilirubin can be found in the urine because it is water soluble.

nephrons located within the renal cortex.

elements formed from the solutes in the urine.

inflammation associated with the bladder

reduction of fluid in the body.

a medical condition that results in high plasma glucose levels due to decreased or dysfunctional insulin.

pain associated with urination.

chemicals in the body that carry an electric charge.

a biological catalyst used to accelerate a chemical reaction.

inflammation and damage associated with the glomerulus.

convoluted capillary network within the nephron (also known as the renal corpuscle).

the presence of erythrocytes in the urine.

Free hemoglobin in the urine.

Urine specific gravity results greater than 1.010.

Urine specific gravity results less than 1.010.x

an imaging procedure used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

constituents with a charge.

Urine specific gravity results of 1.010 on multiple specimens from the same patient.

The yellowing of eyes, skin, and tissues due to increased levels of bilirubin.

nephrons within the renal medulla.

organs responsible for urine formation and concentration.

the product left after a medication has been broken down in the body.

protein associated with muscle tissue.

the existence of myoglobin in the urine.

death of tissue and cells.

functional units of the kidney.

increased voiding of urine at night.

decreased voiding of urine.

protein detected in the urine.

Inflammation or infection of the nephrons.

the substance or chemical in the test that reacts with the item of interest to be detected.

the range of laboratory test values expected for healthy individuals.

associated with the kidney.

The minimum infection prevention measures that apply to all patients or patient specimens, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient.

protein produced by the renal tubules (uromodulin).

an enzyme that facilitates the breakdown of starch and glycogen into sugar.

a condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

abnormal heartbeat.

hardening of arteries caused by buildup of plaque in the arteries.

the basic entity of an element.

when the immune proteins of the body mistakenly seek to destroy its own cells, tissues, and organs.

molecules consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

pertaining to or associated with the heart

another name for the large intestine

examination of the lining of the large intestine using a scope that contains a camera.

high glucose levels weakens the blood vessels of the retina (which may lead to blindness).

two monosaccharides linked together.

chemical in the body that carries an electric charge.

when glucose is formed from non-carbohydrate constituents.

glycogen being converted to glucose.

stored glucose.

glucose being converted to glycogen.

the enzymatic breakdown of glucose into pyruvate with the release of energy in the form of ATP.

increased plasma glucose concentration.

increased concentration of fats in the blood.

breathing at an increased rate.

decreased plasma glucose concentration.

when the brain exhibits a blocked artery

bi-products of fat metabolism.

the fats in the body.

when fats are formed from carbohydrates such as glucose.

proteins that link with and transport fats.

a collection of atoms.

a sugar that cannot be broken down into a less complex form.

disease of the kidney.

cholesterol and other substances.

nerve disease or damage.

extreme thirst.

an abnormal growth in the lining of the intestine.

extreme appetite.

many monosaccharide molecules connected together.

increased voiding of urine

testing that results in a specific number for a result.

the substance or chemical in the test that reacts with the item of interest to be detected.

pertaining to the kidney

a material with a known concentration of a substance.

Also called thryoid hormone, thyroxine is produced and secreted by follicle cells in the thyroid gland. it targets all cells in the body and increases overall body metabolism. T4

A process involving both an internal self-study and external peer assessment by which organizations measure their performance against established standards.

Infectious microorganisms or infectious agents in human blood that can cause disease in humans.

The process of testing and adjusting the instrument or test system to establish a correlation between the instrument's measurement of the substance being tested and the actual concentration of the substance.

Simple laboratory examinations and procedures that have an insignificant risk of an erroneous result.

Established quality standards for laboratory testing performed on specimens from humans, such as blood, body fluid, and tissue, for the purpose of diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease, or assessment of health.

Following regulations, rules, guidelines, laws, procedures, standards, or any other mandate.

identification of a disease or clinical condition

This term pertains to diagnosis.

Controls that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogens hazard from the workplace.

A common and coherent approach to classifying chemicals and communicating hazard information on labels and safety data sheets.

An insurance program for low-income individuals and families who cannot afford health care.

A federal program of medical benefits designed for those patients in the age group of 65 years or older, and for people with certain disabilities.

Entering the body through the skin (e.g. a needle stick).

A method to externally evaluate the quality of a laboratory's performance.

Monitor and evaluate the ongoing and overall quality of the total testing process. Also known as quality assurance.

Monitor and evaluate the ongoing and overall quality of the total testing process. Also known as quality assessment.

Procedures that evaluate the quality of the analytic testing process of each test method to assure accurate and reliable patient test results.

Clarifies interpretation of laws and how laws will be implemented, in addition to stating requirements or prohibitions.

Safety data sheets are the source of detailed information on a hazardous chemical.

The minimum infection prevention measures that apply to all patients or patient specimens, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient.

Controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed.

a severe allergic reaction that can result in death if untreated.

decreases in erythrocytes and/or hemoglobin.

abnormal size variation of erythrocytes.

proteins produced in response to foreign entities.

increase in basophils.

the area where the platelets and leukocytes separate out after centrifugation.

the tiniest blood vessel.

the process of obtaining a blood sample from the capillaries (e.g. a "fingerstick").

a laboratory device that uses rotation, speed, and centrifugal force to separate components in a liquid.

the process that blood undergoes to change from a fluid form to a solid form known as a clot.

the value may be life-threatening (also known as panic value).

Identification of a disease or clinical condition.

liquid used for diluting something.

the anticoagulant used for most routine hematology tests. It binds calcium.

increase in eosinophils.

also known as the red blood cell, which carries oxygen and carbon dioxide.

the production of erythrocytes.

a major coagulation factor.

the breakdown and removal of a fibrin clot.

a term that refers to the neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

is the packed cell volume of erythrocytes reported as a percentage of the total given blood volume.

the study of normal and abnormal formed cellular elements of the blood.

the production of the formed elements of the blood.

the protein in the erythrocyte that is essential for carrying hemoglobin.

the process the body uses to halt bleeding after injury.

abnormal decrease in hemoglobin concentration in the erythrocyte.

when cells are deprived of adequate amounts of oxygen.

also known as the white blood cell, which fights infection or is involved in the immune response.

an increase in the number of leukocytes (white blood cells).

a decrease in leukocytes (white blood cells).

large erythrocytes

a tissue cell that developed from a monocyte.

the non-circulating neutrophils that are attached to the blood vessel walls.

small erythrocytes

an increase in monocytes.

a malignancy associated with plasma cells and increased plasma proteins.

a decrease in neutrophils.

an increase in the number of neutrophils.

the value may be life-threatening (also known as critical value).

blood that circulates in the body.

cellular ingestion and destruction of foreign entities.

the process of obtaining a blood sample via puncturing a vein.

the liquid portion of anticoagulated blood.

also known as the thrombocyte-the blood element involved in the clotting process.

abnormal erythrocyte shapes.

the formation of a platelet plug through the interaction between the injured blood vessel and platelets.

the range of laboratory test values expected for healthy individuals.

erythrocyte formation resembling a roll of coins caused by increased plasma proteins.

when coagulation proteins are activated to form a stable fibrin clot.

also known as the platelet-the blood element involved in the clotting process.

a clearing or cavity in the cell.

blood collected in a tube containing anticoagulant.

Controls the light being illuminated through the specimen. It is located at the bottom of the condenser (also known as the iris diaphragm control lever)

The site of attachment for the nose-piece (also known as neck).

supports the microscope (also known as stand).

when light passes through the specimen on the microscope slide making it look dark against a bright background.

concentrates the light through the object being viewed.

concentrates the light through the object being viewed.

shutter-like covering that can be adjusted to control the size of illumination from the light source before it reaches the condenser aperature. It is located in the base.

the total area visible while looking in the microscope (also known as microscopic field or field).

aid in bringing the item of interest into focus.

used to adjust the distance between the oculars.

controls the light being illuminated through the specimen. It is located at the bottom of the condenser (also known as the aperature diaphragm control lever).

makes it possible to see the item of interest

is the total area visible while looking in the microscope (also known as field or field of view)

The site of attachment for the nosepiece (also known as arm).

the part of the microscope used to secure the objectives.

indicates the ability of the objective lens to collect light.

contains the lens used for magnification.

the component of the microscope the clinical laboratory professional looks through to see the magnified item.

this objective lens has a power of magnification of 100x.

links the objective lens with the oculars.

links the objective lens with the oculars.

the level of detail that can be seen.

the part of the microscope that supports the item (for example, a slide) being viewed.

secures the slide on the stage.

moves the stage.

the distance between the objective lens and the object being viewed when the object is clearly in focus.

an agent used to inhibit or kill microorganisms that cause infection.

proteins produced in response to foreign entities.

substance that triggers an immune response (antibody response)

organisms that have infected the blood

A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells.

a grouping of microorganisms on a surface enclosed in a medium comprised primarily of polysaccharide material.

microorganisms that require 3% to 10% of carbon dioxide for growth.

protein coat that protects a viral genetic information.

the presence and multiplication of a microorganism within an individual with no signs or symptoms of infection.

microorganism that lives within or on the host without negatively impacting it.

transmissible; contagious.

Asexual fungi spores of Ascomycetes

infection and swelling of the membranes of the eye.

a slide containing bacteria grown from a culture of the specimen

a slide containing specimen that came directly from the patient.

a small particle that stays in the air for a lengthy period of time

micoorganisms that contain a nucleus

microorganisms that grow in the absence or the presence of oxygen.

picky.

death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply

inflammation and damage associated with the glomerulus.

small organisms

bacteria

diagnosis of disease

Pathologist

Medical Laboratory Scientist /Medical Laboratory Technician

person skilled in taking blood from veins

person who prepares, and in some cases processes samples within a laboratory.

Simple laboratory examinations and procedures that have an insignificant risk of an erroneous result.

complete at least four years of undergraduate studies, four years of medical school, and, depending on their specialty, three to seven years in internship

requires a bachelor's degree in medical laboratory science or life sciences.

usually requires an associate degree in

American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP).

enter the occupation with a postsecondary nondegree award

enter the occupation with a postsecondary nondegree award

laboratory professionals prepare specimens and analyze the

laboratory professionals examine and identify bacteria and

laboratory professionals perform analysis on the formed elements of

laboratory professionals examine elements of the human immune system and its response to foreign bodies.

laboratory professionals classify blood by type, and prepare blood and

regulates all laboratory testing (except

issued to a laboratory that performs only waived tests.

Issued to a

Issued to a laboratory once the State Department of Health conducts a survey (inspection)

issued to a laboratory on the basis of the

FDA categorizes and grades each test based on the complexity of the test method

designed to monitor and evaluate the ongoing and overall quality of the total testing process.

offers each laboratory performing non-waived

should be performed before resuming testing and reporting results when there is a complete change of reagents, if major preventative maintenance is performed

The regulations do not specify personnel testing requirements for performing waived tests

must have, at minimum, a high-school diploma and the appropriate training as specified in the regulations, or have an associate's degree or above from an accredited

must have at minimum an associate's degree in a laboratory science or medical laboratory technology, or equivalent training as specified in the regulation

This standard is designed to ensure that

are the source of detailed information on a hazardous chemical.

standard if they have employees whose

An example of an engineering control is a sharps

These controls eliminate or minimize employee exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

contagious or transmissible

describes an organism that lives symbiotically with a host; this host neither benefits nor suffers from the association

require high levels of carbon dioxide

Asexual fungi spores of Ascomycetes

Outer protein coat of a virus

mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball

a slide containing bacteria grown from a culture of the specimen

a glass slide holding a specimen suspended in a drop of liquid (as water) for microscopic examination

Cellophane tape.

a slide containing specimen that came directly from the patient.

A method for the differential staining of bacteria that involves fixing the bacterial cells to a slide and staining with crystal violet and iodine, then washing with alcohol, and counterstaining with safranin. Results in gram-positive bacteria retaining the purple dye and gram-negative organisms having it decolorized so that the red counterstain shows up.

a differential stain used to identify bacteria that are not decolorized by acid-alcohol

organisms that require many growth factors or special nutrient growth requirements

unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus

Cells that contain nuclei

organism that can survive with or without oxygen

An organelle containing digestive enzymes

A surface-coating colony of one or more species of prokaryotes that engage in metabolic cooperation.

each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus.

bacteria that prefers moderate temperature and develops best at temperatures between 25 C and 40 C

an organism that has adapted to living in very high temperatures (heat), such as bacteria or algae

a microorganism that grows best at relatively high CO2 concentrations

bacteria that prefer cold, thriving at temperatures between 0 C and 25 C.

infection of the membrane covering the muscle/ flesh eating

inflammation of the throat

Caused by inflammation of the meninges

inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

(of a disease) originating in a hospital.

require O2 for cellular respiration

organisms that cannot live where molecular oxygen is present

microorganisms that grow at levels of oxygen that is less than what is contained in air.

inflammation of the bladder

inflammation of the fascia

a bacterium that sometimes causes abortion in animals and food poisoning in humans. causes diarrhea

gram negative cocci causes Gonorrhea

multiple flagella, peptic ulcers, stomach cancer

causative organism for tetanus, botulism, gangrene, food poisoning and antibiotic-resistant pseudomembranous colitis

macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

A protein-carbohydrate compound that makes the cell walls of bacteria rigid

a phosphorylated polyalcohol found in the cell wall of some gram-positive Bacteria

Lysine is an essential amino acid. The human body cannot make lysine, so it must be eaten in the diet. Sources include meat, fish, dairy, and eggs.

Appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer DNA

whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement

thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ

A sticky layer that surrounds the cell walls of some bacteria, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces.

residue of evaporated droplets emitted by an infected host, such as someone with tuberculosis, that can remain in the air for long periods of time

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

the carrier organism through which pathogens can attack.

A physical object that serves to transmit an infectious agent from person to person.

mode of direct transmission of infection

"Nutrient media" with blood enrichment. Contains TSA with 5% sheep blood cells. "Differential" through hemolysis of blood cells. All purpose media (gram positive and negative will grow).

selective and differential

Blood agar plate

organism associated with toxic shock syndrome, can become resistant to methicillin

strep throat

anaerobic spore forming bacteria

acid-fast bacillus

diarrhea, cramps, fever

causes syphilis

A type of fungi that causes skin, hair, and nail infections.

cellulose tape method is used to detect this organism

condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) in the blood along with enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), fatigue, and sore throat (pharyngitis)

Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.

excessive urination

excessive eating/hunger

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

excessive thirst

bi-products of fat metabolism

storage form of glucose in animals

breakdown of glycogen to glucose

the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.

the process of converting protein into fatty acids

pertaining to lipolysis

hormone that facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells

stress hormone released by the adrenal cortex

Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline.