Refers to a group of individuals that belong to a species. This lives in an area and interbreed with one another to form offspring.

Process where the transformation of species happens through time. This process may include changes in terms of morphology or genetics of the species.

Refers to the process where individual organisms that have favorable traits experience greater fitness and reproductive success than those that do not have the trait.

Process of selecting plants or animal individuals for breeding. This principle was developed from our understanding of heritable traits.

Field of science that deals with genetic variation in the populations of organisms in the ecosystem.

It deals with examination of variation in frequencies of genes and alleles in populations.

What do you call the different versions of a gene?

These are the pairs of genes responsible for a particular trait.

These are the physical expression of a trait.

A pea plant has the following two alleles (PP) for purple flowers. Which of the following terms can be used to describe this pea plant?

A genotype where an individual inherits two copies of a dominant gene. An individual who is has this genotype for a particular gene will have two dominant "A" alleles for that gene.

An organism with two of the same recessive alleles. An individual who is has this genotype for a particular gene will have two recessive "a" alleles for that gene.

An individual who is has this genotype for a particular gene will have one dominant "A" alleles and one recessive "a"  for that gene.

Any alteration in the DNA sequence of a cell. It may be caused by mistakes during cell division, or they may be caused by exposure to DNA-damaging agents in the environment.

This mutation increases the fitness of the organism.

This mutation decreases the fitness of the organism.

This mutation does not impact the fitness of the organism.

A condition in which a baby is born with one or more extra fingers.

This mutation occurs when a single nucleotide is changed, inserted, or deleted.

Type of point mutation when one base is replaced by another.

Type of point mutation where an extra base is added.

Type of point mutation where a base is removed.

This mutation has no effect on the protein sequence.

This type of mutation results in an amino acid substitution.

This type of mutation substitutes a stop codon for an amino acid.

Insertions or deletions that shift the reading frame, altering the entire downstream sequence.

Caused by external factors such as radiation, chemicals or viruses.

These are segments of DNA that regulate the expression of the traits of an organism through the identity and arrangement of the nucleotides.

This is variation caused by chance event.

The effect of founding population on the genetic structure of the future population. Less genetic variation in the original population.

Reduction of population due to an environmental event. 

Important for genetic diversity at the level of genes. The crossing over during prophase 1, meiosis 1 where homologous chromosomes exchange DNA.