the study of heredity

Passing of traits from parents to offspring

physical appearance (visible traits) of organism

genetic makeup of organism

segment of DNA that codes for a protein

Different form of a gene

A threadlike or "X-shaped", gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus (holds genetic info)

Father of genetics ; experimented with pea plants

An allele whose trait ALWAYS shows up if 1 is present

An allele whose trait is only expressed when there are 2 of it

two identical alleles Example: AA or aa

two different alleles Example: Aa

type of dominance where there are only 2 possible phenotypes (Ex. purple + white = purple)

diagram used predict the genotypes and phenotypes of a genetic cross

The phenotype of an organism is caused by an interaction between these

trait where males are MOST affected due to having only 1 X chromosome

dominance where there is no completely dominant allele (Ex. purple + white = lavender )

dominance where both alleles are equally dominant

See image

Female Genotype

male genotype

Person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have the trait. (only females carry sex-linked traits)

gender that is MOST affected by sex-linked traits

A diagram that shows a genetic trait in several generations of a family.

normal female

female with trait

diagram with 16 boxes ; covers 2 traits at same time

normal male

male with trait

Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes ; leads to 9:3:3:1 ratio dihybrid cross

genes on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together resulting in 1:1:1:1 ratio dihybrid cross

examples of autosomal recessive disease (traits)

example of autosomal dominant disease (trait)

examples of sex-linked trait (condition)