Question 1

Which of the following DNA sequencing methods relies on chain termination by dideoxynucleotides?

Accepted Answer

Sanger Dideoxy method

Answer

RFLP analysis

Answer

Nanopore sequencing

Answer

Illumina sequencing

Question 2

Which genomic tool is primarily used for DNA profiling by comparing the variations in DNA sequences among individuals?

Accepted Answer

DNA fingerprinting

Answer

RAPD

Answer

PCR

Answer

RFLP

Question 3

Which structure contains the genetic material that gets inherited through maternal lineage in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial genome

Answer

Nuclear genome

Answer

Plasmid

Answer

Chloroplast genome

Question 4

What does PCR stand for in the context of genome analysis?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Answer

Polynucleotide Copying Reaction

Answer

Polymer Chain Replication

Answer

Protein Chain Reaction

Question 5

Which method is primarily used to differentiate between alleles based on fragment size after digestion with restriction enzymes?

Accepted Answer

RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism)

Answer

Sanger sequencing

Answer

DNA fingerprinting

Answer

RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)

Question 6

What characterizes non-coding sequences in a genome?

Accepted Answer

They do not encode proteins

Answer

They are always located at the ends of chromosomes

Answer

They code for all types of RNA

Answer

They are exclusively found in prokaryotic genomes

Question 7

How is DNA in bacteria, such as E. coli, packaged inthe cell?

Accepted Answer

d. It is supercoiled by DNA gyrase and DNAtopoisomerase.

Answer

a. It is packaged into nucleosome complexescontaining histone proteins

Answer

c. It is packaged into nucleosome complexes containing DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase.

Answer

b. It is packaged into nucleoid structures containing histone proteins.

Question 8

What is a plasmid?

Accepted Answer

A small, usually circular DNA molecule that is independent of the main chromosome.

Answer

A small, usually circular DNA molecule that stabilizes the bacterial chromosome

Answer

A prokaryotic virus that can infect bacterial cells

Answer

bA small, usually circular DNA molecule that congenes.

Question 9

What is an integron?

Accepted Answer

set of genes and DNA sequences that allow a plasmid to capture genes from bacteriophages and other plasmids

Answer

A plasmid that can transfer to other bacteria.

Answer

cloning vector that contains plasmid and bacteriophage sequences.

Answer

A plasmid that can integrate into the bacterial chromosome

Question 10

What is a bacterial operon

Accepted Answer

A group of genes that are involved in a single biochemical pathway and are expressed together

Answer

A group of genes that are expressed from different promoters, but are regulated by the same repressor proteins

Answer

A group of genes that are evolutionarily related

Answer

A group of genes that have related biochemical functions

Question 11

What types of repeated sequences are present inbacterial genomes

Accepted Answer

Transposable elements.

Answer

LINEs (long interspersed nuclear elements).

Answer

Prokaryotic genomes do not possess any repeated sequences.

Answer

Both microsatellites and minisatellites

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a typicalbacterial operon

Accepted Answer

The genes are translated into a single polypeptide.

Answer

The genes are under the control of a single promoter

Answer

The genes frequently encode proteins that are involved in a single biochemical pathway.

Answer

The genes in the operon are transcribed into a single mRNA molecule

Question 13

How were prokaryotic organisms first classified into species

Accepted Answer

Staining and biochemical tests

Answer

Genetic tests

Answer

DNA sequence analyses

Answer

Microscopic studies

Question 14

The smallest bacterial genome is several hundredthousand base pairs in length while the human mitochondrial genome is less than 17,000 base pairs. The smaller size of the mitochondrial genome is due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Genes from the human mitochondrial genome have been transferred to the nucleus.

Answer

The human mitochondrial genome has lost its functional RNA genes

Answer

The human mitochondrial genome is nonfunctionaland is an evolutionary relic

Answer

The human mitochondrial genome has lost its protein-coding genes.

Question 15

A typical human mitochondrion contains how many identical copies of its DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Ten. (Although the number can vary between 2–10 per mitochondrion, 10 is the best choice among the options.

Answer

Answer

One hundred

Answer

Eight thousand

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