Read the following paragraph: 'Modern cities are increasingly adopting green roofs to combat rising urban temperatures. These rooftop gardens act as natural insulators, keeping buildings cooler in summer and warmer in winter. Furthermore, they provide a habitat for local wildlife and help manage rainwater runoff. Although experts suggest the initial installation is expensive, they argue that the long-term environmental benefits are invaluable.' What is the main idea of this text?

Read the following text: 'Video games are often criticized for being a distraction, but recent studies suggest they can actually improve certain cognitive functions. Gamers frequently show better hand-eye coordination and faster decision-making skills than non-gamers. Additionally, multiplayer games encourage teamwork and communication among teenagers. While moderation is key, these digital experiences offer more than just entertainment.' In this passage, what does the word 'these' refer to?

Read the following passage: 'Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are becoming more popular as countries try to reduce their carbon footprint. Solar panels capture energy from the sun, while large turbines harness the wind's power. One major challenge, however, is that these sources depend heavily on weather conditions. This means that energy storage technology must be improved to ensure a steady supply of electricity when the sun isn't shining or the wind isn't blowing.' Which of the following is a supporting detail for the challenge mentioned in the text?

Read the following short article: "Remote work has transformed the professional landscape over the last few years. One of its primary advantages is the flexibility it offers, allowing employees to manage their own schedules and reduce commuting time. Moreover, many companies report increased productivity as workers can focus in a quiet home environment. However, critics point out that the lack of face-to-face interaction can lead to feelings of isolation and a decrease in spontaneous collaboration." What is the topic of this passage?

Read the following text: "Honeybees are essential to the global food supply because they pollinate one-third of the food we eat. Many crops, such as almonds, apples, and blueberries, rely entirely on these insects to produce fruit. Unfortunately, honeybee populations have been declining due to habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change. To help them, individuals can plant native flowers or avoid using harsh chemicals in their gardens." Which sentence serves as a supporting detail for the importance of honeybees?

Read the following short text: 'The Great Barrier Reef is facing significant threats from coral bleaching, which occurs when rising ocean temperatures stress the coral. This process causes the coral to expel the algae living in their tissues, turning them white. Scientists are currently testing several restoration methods, such as 'cloud brightening' to cool the water and breeding heat-resistant coral species. They hope that these innovative techniques will give the reef a chance to recover before it is too late.' In this passage, what does the word 'They' refer to?

Read the following short text: 'The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) is a significant shift in the automotive industry. A major factor driving this change is the improvement in battery technology, which now allows for longer driving ranges. Additionally, many governments are offering tax incentives to encourage consumers to switch from gasoline engines. However, the limited number of public charging stations remains a barrier for potential buyers, making long-distance travel a concern.' What is the main idea of this passage?

Read the following passage: 'Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the healthcare sector by helping doctors diagnose diseases more accurately. For instance, AI algorithms can analyze thousands of medical images in seconds, identifying patterns that the human eye might miss. Furthermore, these tools can predict patient outcomes by analyzing historical health data. Despite these advancements, medical professionals emphasize that AI should be seen as a partner rather than a replacement for human judgment.' What is the underlying topic of this text?

Read the following paragraph: 'The practice of mindfulness has gained popularity as a tool for reducing stress in fast-paced environments. By focusing on the present moment, individuals can break the cycle of worrying about the future or regretting the past. Studies indicate that just ten minutes of daily practice can improve concentration and emotional regulation. Although it requires consistency, many find that the mental clarity it provides is worth the effort.' What does the word 'it' refer to in the final sentence?