encouraged people to leave their homeland; reasons include shrinking farmland, religious persecution, and political revolutions

organized violence against Jews

A factor that draws or attracts people to another location; reason include economic opportunity, jobs, cheap land, democracy and liberty

immigrants who had come to the US before the 1880s from Britain, Germany, Ireland, and Scandenavia, or Northern Europe

immigrants who had come to the US after the 1880s from southern and eastern europe

faced persecution for their language and religious beliefs

A large open area beneath a ship's deck, often used to house traveling immigrants

Immigration processing center that open in New York Harbor in 1892

a large statue symbolizing hope and freedom on Liberty Island in New York Harbor

Immigration processing center that opened in San Francisco Bay in 1910

an area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background

Process by which people of one culture merge into and become part of another culture

a valued opportunity for immigrants; the hope was the next generation would be better off

Americans who feared that immigrants would take jobs and impose their religious and cultural beliefs on society

belief that government should not exist; some immigrants were persecuted for this belief

law that suspended Chinese immigration into America. The ban was supposed to last 10 years, but it was expanded several times and was essentially in effect until WWII. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was the first significant law that restricted immigration into the United States of an ethnic working group. Extreme example of nativism of period

Required immigrants to be able to read and write in their own language

Movement of people from rural areas to cities

Movement of African Americans from the South to the North for jobs.

Employment and Southern racism

Poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived

an overcrowded, dirty area of a city where the housing is usually in very poor condition

Lived beyond the slums in new homes and participated in leisure activities

lived on the outskirts of cities, behind brick walls or gates

pollution, crime, waste, unsafe living conditions, fires

a set of rules that specify the minimum acceptable level of safety for constructed facilities

a charitable organization seeking to care for the poor and homeless

provide poor young people with activities to escape slum life for awhile

a center offering help to the urban poor

the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycare, and child care classes

Tall building with many floors supported by a lightweight steel frame.

an underground railway, also known as a metro, underground.

overhead elevated railway tracks found in urban centers

a suspension bridge across the East River in New York City, connecting Brooklyn and Manhattan

Residential areas surrounding a city

Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted in 1858, was the first example of a movement to create urban parks.

first department store in the US

created by James Naismith to provide an indoor activity

Variety shows with dancing, singing, comedy, and magic acts.

popular rhythmic music

wrote military marches that became popular patriotic songs