the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

the use of systematic methods to observe the to observe the natural world, including human behavior,and to draw conclusions

everything we do that can be directly observed

the thoughts, feelings, and motives that people experience privately but that cannot be observed directly

a serious examination and judgment of something

gaining knowledge through the observation of events, the collection of data and logical reasoning

Wundt's approach to discovering the basic elements or structures of mental processes

James's approach to mental processes, emphasizing the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaption to the environment

Darwin's principle of an evolutionary process in which organisms that are best adapted to their environment and will survive and produce offspring

An approach to psychology focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous system

the scienctific study of the structure, function, development, genetics, and biochemistry of the nervous system are central to understanding behavior, thought and emotion

an approach to psychology emphasizing the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants

an approach to psychology emphasizing unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives (such as the drive for sex) and society's demands, and early childhood family experiences

an approach to psychology that emphasizes a persons positive qualities, the capacity for positive human growth and the freedom to choose one's own destiny

an approach to psychology with an emphasis on mental processes involved in knowing, how we direct attention, perceive, remember, solve problems

an approach to phychology centered on evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors

An approach to psychology that examines the ways in which social and cultural environments influence behavior

anything that can change

A broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations and to make predictions about future observations.

a testable prediction that derives logically from a theory

a definition that provide an objective description of how a variable is going to be measured and observed in a particular studay

also called a case history, and in-depth look at a single person

research that examines the relationships between variables, whose purpose is to examine whether and how two variables change together

the circumstance where a variable that has not been measured accounts for the relationship between two other variables. Third variables are also known as confounds

a special kind of systematic observation that involves obtaining measures of the variables of interest in multiple waves over time

a carefully regulated procedure in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables that are believed to influence some other variable

researchers' assignment of participants to groups by chance, to reduce the likelihood that an experiments results will be due to preexisting differences between groups

a manipulated experimental factor, the variable that the experimenter changes to see what its effects are

a person who is given a role to play in a study so that the social context can be manipulated

the outcome, the factor that can change in an experiment in response to changes in the independent variable

the participants in a experiment who receive the drug or other treatment under the study--that is, those who are exposed to the change that the independent variable represents

the particpants in an experiment who are as much like the experimental group as possible and who are treated in every way like the experimental group except for a manipulated factor, the independent variable

the soundnessof the conclusions that a researcher draws from an experiment

the degree to which an experimental design actually reflects the real-world issues it is supposed to address

the degree to which changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable

he influence of the experimenter's expectations on the outcome of the research

any aspect of a study that communicate to the participants how the experimenter wants them to behave

in an experiment, the influence of participants' expectations, and of their thoughts about how they should behave, on their behavior

the situation where participants' expectations, rater than the experimental treatment, produces an experimental outcome

in a drug study, a harmless substance that has no psysiological effect, given to participants in a control group so they are treated identically to the experimental group except for the active ingredient

an experimental design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware of which participants are in the experimental group and which are in the control group until the results are calculated

the entire group about which the investigator whats to draw conclusions

sample that gives every member of the population and equal chance of being selected

the observation of behavior in a real world setting

the subset of the population chosen by the investigator for stday