Which of the following describes the role of opsonins in the phagocytosis process?

Coating the pathogen to enhance its recognition and attachment by phagocytic receptors

Lowering the internal pH of the phagolysosome to activate acid hydrolases

Inducing the polymerization of actin filaments to form pseudopodia

Directly lysing the bacterial cell wall via the membrane attack complex

Which specific biochemical event is responsible for the 'Respiratory Burst' observed during the killing phase of phagocytosis?

The rapid consumption of oxygen to produce superoxide radicals via NADPH oxidase

The activation of mitochondrial ATP synthase to power pseudopodia movement

The anaerobic fermentation of glucose to produce lactic acid within the phagosome

The release of histamine from granules to increase vascular permeability

To catalyze the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions to produce hypochlorous acid

To trigger the polymerization of monomeric G-actin into filamentous F-actin

To produce nitric oxide by oxidizing L-arginine in the presence of oxygen

To break down the peptidoglycan layer of Gram-positive bacterial cell walls

The sequential binding of the phagocyte's surface receptors to ligands distributed over the entire surface of the particle

The use of contractile vacuoles to pump excess water out of the phagosome during maturation

The rapid fusion of multiple lysosomes simultaneously to breach the pathogen's capsule

The secretion of proteolytic enzymes into the extracellular space to digest the pathogen prior to ingestion

A programmed series of membrane fusion and fission events that gradually lower the internal pH and alter the protein composition of the vesicle

The process where a phagocyte undergoes apoptosis after successfully digesting a pathogen

The growth of a pathogen inside the vesicle as it attempts to evade the host immune response

The extracellular secretion of cytokines to recruit additional neutrophils to the site of infection

Pumping protons into the phagosome to reduce the internal pH to approximately 4.5 to 5.0

Generating nitric oxide from arginine to facilitate the nitrosative burst

Catalyzing the synthesis of ATP using the electrochemical gradient across the phagosomal membrane

Transporting iron out of the phagosome to prevent bacterial growth via nutritional immunity

The recognition and engulfment of apoptotic host cells by phagocytes to prevent the release of inflammatory contents

The fusion of specialized mitochondria with the phagosome to provide metabolic heat

The process where a pathogen uses the phagosome to replicate and eventually lyse the host cell

The secretion of unused bacterial fragments into the interstitial fluid via retrograde transport

Mechanism of Phagocytosis | Quizalize