is a computer program or device that provides a service to another computer program and its user, also known as the client.

the physical computer that a server program runs on is also frequently referred to as a __

a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files. In this case, a web browser acts as the client.

a program in a computer in a distributed network that provides the business logic for an application program.

software that acts as an intermediary between an endpoint device, such as a computer, and another server from which a user or client is requesting a service.

 an application that receives incoming emails from local users -- people within the same domain -- and remote senders and forwards outgoing emails for delivery.

 a program running on a shared server that is configured in such a way that it seems to each user that they have complete control of a server.

 a server chassis housing multiple thin, modular electronic circuit boards, known as server blades. Each blade is a server in its own right, often dedicated to a single application

 a computer responsible for the central storage and management of data files so that other computers on the same network can access them.

 a security component of a policy-based network that provides authorization services and facilitates tracking and control of files.

: this server is responsible for hosting one or more databases. Client applications perform database queries that retrieve data from or write data to the database that is hosted on the server.

this server provides users with access to one or more network-attached printers -- or print devices as some server vendors call them. The print server acts as a queue for the print jobs that users submit. Some print servers can prioritize the jobs in the print queue based on the job type or on who submitted the print job.

_ is a line of operating systems that Microsoft specifically creates for use on a server.

Windows Server is NOT used in business settings.

is a user management service that allows a server to act as a domain controller. Instead of each user logging into a local computer, the domain controller handles all user account authentication.

  is a protocol that lets a server automatically assign IP addresses to all devices on the network.

Having a file server for your company is another common use. This allows you to keep important data in a central location and set permissions to control who can access which files.

 If a business has dozens of printers across the building, it's a waste of time for IT staff to configure them individually for each new workstation. Setting up a print server allows you to easily map printers to computers and reduce redundant work.

Often, businesses don't want all Windows updates to come through right away. By setting up a server as a Windows Update controller, you can route all workstation updates through that server and configure specific rules for how they should work.

The Windows Server operating system was first introduced in the __, and Microsoft branded it with “NT” (short for “New Technology”) up until the year 2000.

The original release of the Windows NT server was not version 1. Instead, it was __, with the release numbering designed to match the version of the standard operating system at the time.

__, was released in 1994. This version enhanced the server functionality to support interconnectivity with both Unix systems and Novell NetWare.

__ came out in 1995 to align with the regular operating system release of Windows 95. The server version supported computers running Windows 95 and provided some improvements to make the system more stable. The upgrade also provided the ability to manage the software licenses on client computers, including installing and updating operating system elements on client computers over the network.

Finally, in 1998,__ Terminal Server Edition came out. This was the last enhancement to the NT operating system series, and it provided a bridge for 16-bit DOS applications to interface with 32-bit desktop environments. The release also supported connections with non-Windows systems.

__ provided the initial functionality for many features of the operating system still in use today. The main features included:

• XML support

• Active Server Pages creation

• Active Directory use for user authentication

The release also included specialized versions for different server environments, with Advanced Server and Datacenter Server editions as well as the standard Windows Server operating system.

The release of __ brought a significant rewrite to the server software. The main goal of the change was to reduce the need to reboot the system, specifically by providing the ability to install updates and patches without needing to restart.

In 2005, __ came out as a free upgrade to the Windows Server 2003 edition. Once this release was available, all Windows Server 2003 sales were for __.

Microsoft took another three years to develop significant updates to Windows Server, which were released as __. This release saw more improvements to Active Directory and changes in the interaction between the operating system’s software support features and network services.

An update to the 2008 edition came out in 2009 as __, and it’s still used today. The major change with this version involved the transition from being based on Windows Vista to being based on Windows 7. This brought the system to a 64bit environment.

In 2012, Microsoft added new functionality to __ to become competitive in the cloud, and even marketed the new version as “Cloud OS.” These updates focused on improving the Hyper-V functionality, so it could be integrated into both local hosts and onsite delivery. This allowed the Hyper-V architecture to be easily used with other new cloud technologies.

The next release was __ , and it came with a new server option, Nano Server. This was a scaled-down server implementation with limited interfaces, making it more secure from attacks. Another introduction with this release was Network Controller. This console program gave administrators the ability to manage all network devices, whether physical or virtual, from a single location. To support the use of containers, VM systems were enhanced to interact with Docker and to support encryption for Hyper-V. Additionally, the release included Server Core. The __ release only had Standard and Datacenter editions, and it did not have a follow-up R2 version.

The most current Windows Server version is __. It was released in October 2018 and included several important new features to meet growing networking requirements