Part of the nervous system that controls involuntary muscle action and regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, heart and breathing

Broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis; also called occipitofrontalis

Small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries

Large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body

Muscle at the corner of the mouth that draws it out and back, as when grinning

Also known as the wrist; flexible joint composed of eight small, irregular bones called carpals

Also known as cardiovascular system or vascular system, controls the body's steady circulation through the heart and blood vessels

Foot muscle that moves the big toe away from the other toes

Muscles that draw a body part away from the midline of the body; separates the fingers in the hand

Muscle that originates at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down

Body system consisting of skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails, it serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body's temperature

Middle part of the muscle

Study of the structure, functions, and diseases of the muscular system

Muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips

Thick-walled flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles

Tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles

Chemical substances such as insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen that stimulate activities in the body

Also known as systems; groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions

The study of human body structures, how the body parts are organized, and the science of the interconnected structure of organisms, or of their parts

Forearm muscle that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward

Process of simple molecules combining to form a complex molecule; requires energy

Located on the little-toe side of the lower leg; smaller of the two leg bones below the knee

Two small, thin bones located in the front inside wall of the eye sockets (orbits)

Front (anterior) portion of the epicranius; scalp muscle that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead

Also known as digits; bones of the fingers or toes; there are twenty-eight in the fingers, and there are fourteen in the toes

Muscles that draw a body part toward the midline of the body; draw the fingers together in the hand

One of the body's most complex organs that controls all the body's functions

Muscle that originates on the lower surface of the fibula and bends the foot down and out

Muscle that covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose

Watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus; provides structure for cell parts to move within the cell membrane; enzymes in the cytoplasm help digest and break down other molecules for food

Bone that forms the forehead

Muscle in the foot that allows the little toe to flex and move

Muscle that produces the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; lifts the forearm and flexes the elbow

Muscle that bends the foot up and extends the toes

Study of the functions and activities performed by the body's structures

Basic units of all living things

Back (posterior) portion of the epicranius; muscle that draws the scalp backward

Provides a covering that protects the body and is found within many parts of the body such as skin, mucous membranes, digestive and respiratory organs, the lining of the mouth, the lining of the heart, and the glands

Tiny blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the venules, bring nutrients to the cells, and carry away waste material

Oval, bony case consisting of eight bones that protect the brain

Foot muscle that moves the little toe

Also called the shoulder blade; large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder; there are two scapulae

Fluid that travels through the circulatory system to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them

Muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle regions of the back; lifts and turns the head, raises the shoulders, and controls swinging movements of the arm

Located at the side of the neck, it carries blood returning to the heart from the head, face, and neck

Five long, slender bones, similar to the metacarpal bones of the hand

Fibrous tissue that binds and supports other body tissues and organs

Tubelike structures that circulate blood throughout the body including arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

Medical term for chewing

Process of breaking complex molecules down into simple molecules; releases energy

Produce and release substances that perform a specific function in the body

Thin muscle that controls the movement of the eyelid

Also known as the collarbone, it joins the sternum and scapula

Thin layer of tissue that surrounds the cell; it protects the interior of the cell from its surroundings and is semipermeable, meaning it allows certain substances to enter the cell

Controls voluntary muscle actions and consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves

Also known as efferent nerves; carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands; these transmitted impulses produce movement

Also known as kneecap; forms the kneecap joint

Specialized structure at the center of the cell; controls growth and reproduction of the cell and contains the cell's genetic material

Seven bones located below the skull; provide support, structure, and flexibility to the neck

Main arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head, face, and neck

Study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system

Small muscle located between the eyebrows just below the frontalis; draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically

Also known as cheekbones or malar bones; they form the prominence of the cheeks and the outer part of the eye socket

Muscle that surrounds and lowers the lower lip and draws it to one side, as when expressing sarcasm: also known as quadratus labii inferioris

Also known as ductless glands; include the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands, as well as other glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream

Separates nasal cavity from the brain

Process of cell reproduction that occurs when the cell divides into two identical daughter cells

Body system that covers and holds the skeletal system in place and moves various body parts

Muscle that circles the mouth and contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips

Whitish bundles of nerve fibers that transmit impulses

Also known as duct glands; include the sebaceous and sudoriferous glands, as well as others, and produce a substance that travels through small tubelike ducts

Muscle at the corner of the lip that extends over the chin and pulls down the corners of the mouth when frowning

Muscle that surrounds and elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as when expressing distaste

Muscle at the tip of the chin that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin

Located at the side of the neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck

Muscle that extends the big toe and flexes the foot

Muscles that extend and straighten joints such as the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line

Supplies blood to the anterior parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck, and sides of the head

Framework of the face; composed of 14 bones

U-Shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports it and its muscles, the only bone of the throat

Muscle that turns the hand inward, so the palm faces downward

Extensor muscle of the wrist involved in flexing or bending it

Foot muscle that flexes the toes and helps maintain balance while walking and standing

Muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system

Body system consisting of a group of specialized glands that control the growth, development, reproduction, and health of the entire body

Skeleton of the head; divided into two parts called the cranium and facial skeleton

Uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder

Part of the muscle that does not move and is anchored to the bone; attached closest to the skeleton

Movable part of the muscle anchored to the bone; attached farthest from the skeleton

Carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions

Supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear

Forms base and sides of the skull

Located below the parietal bones forming the back of the skull above the nape

Muscle attached to the lower rear surface of the heel that pulls the foot down

Connection between two or more bones

Muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward

Clear or pale-yellow fluid that contains white blood cells and travels through lymph vessels

Forms the physical foundation of the body and is composed of 206 bones that vary in size and shape; connected by movable and immovable joints

Inner and larger bone in the forearm located on the side of the little finger

Body system that helps defend against infection and includes lymph, lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen, and lymph vessels

Makes up a cell; contains nutrients, mineral salts, and water

Glandlike structures that filter bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells and are connected by lymph vessels

Largest and strongest bone of the face that forms the lower jaw

Originates at the lower part of the zygomatic; moves the mandible, causing the mouth to close

Two bones that form the upper jaw

Groups of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions

Chemical process by which cells convert nutrients to energy

Five bones, or metacarpals, of the palm located between the carpus and phalanges

Contracts and moves various parts of the body

Two bones that form the bridge of the nose

Well organized body system composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; controls and coordinates all other body systems

Muscle that allows the thumb to be moved toward a finger of the same hand

Ring muscle of the eye socket that closes the eyelids and assists in pumping tears

The study of bones

Two bones that form the sides and top of the cranium

System of nerves connecting the peripheral (outer) parts of the body to the central nervous system; has both sensory and motor nerves, carries impulses to and from the CNS

Muscle that covers the outer side of the calf, inverts the foot, and turns it outward

Broad muscle extending from the pectoral and deltoid muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip

System that takes oxygen-poor blood to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal then returns that blood to the heart (left atrium) so oxygen-rich blood can be delivered to the body

Largest artery in the body

Smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb

Group of similar cells that perform a specific function

Automatic reaction that involves sending an impulse from a sensory receptor along the sensory nerve to the spinal cord

Also known as afferent nerves, they carry messages from the sense organs (heat, cold, sight, sound, smell, taste) to the brain and spinal cord

Is the portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain and extends down to the bottom of the spine

Neck muscle that lowers and rotates the head; originates at the clavicle and inserts at the temporal bone near the ear

System that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart throughout the body and returns oxygen-poor blood back to the heart; also known as general circulation

Also called the ankle bone; located between the heel, tibia, and fibula

Seven irregularly shaped bones in the ankle area including the talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones

Two bones forming the sides of the head in the ear region

Located near the temple that opens and closes the jaw

Also called the shinbone; it's the larger of the two leg bones below the knee on the big toe side that supports most of the body's weight

Muscle covering the front of the shin that bends the foot upward and inward

Large muscle covering the entire back of the upper arm that extends the forearm and straightens the elbow

Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries and carry blood containing waste products to the heart and lungs for cleaning and to pick up oxygen; contain cuplike valves that keep blood flowing in one direction to the heart and prevent blood from flowing backward

Small veins that connect the capillaries to larger veins

Muscle that extends from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth; directs the lip outward and upward when laughing or smiling

Muscle that works with the zygomaticus major to make facial expressions