Question 1

Which of the following is a reason cosmetologists should understand hair and scalp properties?

Accepted Answer

Identifying hair growth cycles and the differences between common and uncommon hair loss will help when recommending hair loss treatments to the client.

Answer

Identifying the elasticity of hair helps to better determine treatments to soften coarse gray hairs to match the texture of the client’s pigmented hair.

Answer

Identifying the cause of a dry or oily scalp helps to better recommend medication to the client to alleviate the condition.

Answer

Identifying the shape of hair follicles can help when recommending methods to make a client’s hair grow faster.

Question 2

All of the following are living portions of hair that are below the skin surface EXCEPT __________.

Accepted Answer

the arrector pili muscle

Answer

the dermal papilla

Answer

the hair follicle

Answer

the hair bulb

Question 3

What are the two parts of a strand of human hair?

Accepted Answer

the root and the shaft

Answer

the dermal papilla and the arrector pili

Answer

the follicle and the bulb

Answer

the cuticle and the cortex

Question 4

Which part of the living portion of the hair is defined as the structure in the skin or scalp that surrounds the hair root and anchors the hair in the skin?

Accepted Answer

the hair follicle

Answer

the hair bulb

Answer

the dermal papilla

Answer

the arrector pili muscle

Question 5

Which portion of the hair root structure supplies nutrients so that the hair can grow?

Accepted Answer

the dermal papilla

Answer

the arrector pili

Answer

the hair follicle

Answer

the hair bulb

Question 6

Each of the following is a layer of the hair shaft structure EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

the hair fiber

Answer

the medulla

Answer

the cortex

Answer

the hair cuticle

Question 7

Which sentence best describes the medulla?

Accepted Answer

The medulla is the hair’s pith or core.

Answer

The medulla is a cone-shaped elevation at the base of the hair bulb.

Answer

The medulla is the hair’s outermost layer.

Answer

The medulla is the fibrous protein layer of the hair.

Question 8

Which layer of the hair shaft provides strength, elasticity, and color?

Accepted Answer

the cortex

Answer

the hair cuticle

Answer

the hair fiber

Answer

the medulla

Question 9

What are the major chemical elements that make up human hair?

Accepted Answer

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur

Answer

proteins, water, lipids, and traces of minerals

Answer

amino acids and polypeptide chains

Answer

hydrogen bonds, side bonds, and salt bonds

Question 10

Which of the following best describes how a disulfide bond in human hair is formed?

Accepted Answer

Sulfur atoms on neighboring cysteine amino acids within polypeptide chains in the hair join.

Answer

Oppositely charged atoms in the hair are attracted to one another to form weak physical cross-link side bonds.

Answer

Amino acids are chemically bonded to each other, end to end, to form a polypeptide chain.

Answer

Oppositely charged atoms are attracted to each other to form cross-linked side bonds between adjacent polypeptide chains.

Question 11

Which of the following is a situation in which a cosmetologist would allow the hair to cool before styling?

Accepted Answer

when hydrogen side bonds have been broken by the heat from a curling iron

Answer

when disulfide bonds are converted to lanthionine bonds during servicing with a flat iron

Answer

when salt side bonds are being formed by changes in pH during chemical servicing

Answer

when peptide bonds between amino acids are broken by a heat lamp during color processing

Question 12

If a cosmetologist holds a strand of hair with one hand while sliding the other hand’s thumb and forefinger from the end of the strand to the client’s scalp, what component of the hair is being analyzed?

Accepted Answer

porosity

Answer

density

Answer

elasticity

Answer

texture

Question 13

Which component of hair is defined as the thickness or diameter of an individual hair strand?

Accepted Answer

texture

Answer

porosity

Answer

density

Answer

curl pattern

Question 14

Which of the following can be a cause of dry hair and dry scalp?

Accepted Answer

inactive sebaceous glands

Answer

absence of melanin

Answer

hair follicles growing out of the head at a perpendicular angle

Answer

overactive sebaceous glands

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a procedure a cosmetologist could use to determine how quickly hair will process during chemical servicing?

Accepted Answer

Feel a strand of hair to determine the hair’s texture.

Answer

Determine the slope of the hair follicles to identify the hair growth pattern.

Answer

Examine the shape of a cross-section of a strand of hair to determine the wave pattern.

Answer

Consider how much of the scalp is visible to determine how many hairs there are on each square inch of the scalp.

Question 16

Which statement best describes what may have happened to cause a client’s hair to grow in a whorl pattern?

Accepted Answer

The strands of hair in the whorl are leaving the follicles at an angle different from the surrounding hairs.

Answer

The hair in the whorl has a raised cuticle, whereas the surrounding hair does not.

Answer

The strands of hair in the whorl are oily due to overactive sebaceous glands.

Answer

The strands of hair in the whorl are less elastic than the surrounding hair as a result of damage from a thermal styling tool.

Question 17

Each of the following is one of the main types of body hair EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

anagen hair

Answer

lanugo hair

Answer

terminal hair

Answer

vellus hair

Question 18

What is the phase of the hair growth cycle in which the hair can shed?

Accepted Answer

telogen phase

Answer

nitrogen phase

Answer

anagen phase

Answer

catagen phase

Question 19

In which phase of the hair growth cycle does the follicle canal shrink and detach from the dermal papilla?

Accepted Answer

catagen phase

Answer

anagen phase

Answer

telogen phase

Answer

nitrogen phase

Question 20

Which of the following conclusions can a cosmetologist make if a client expresses concern about not being able to grow the hair beyond shoulder length?

Accepted Answer

The anagen phase of the client’s hair growth is shorter than the anagen phase in other people’s hair growth, so the client’s hair will not grow any longer.

Answer

The client has primarily lanugo hair, which is shed more frequently than vellus hair or terminal hair.

Answer

The catagen phase of the client’s hair growth occurs more quickly than that phase in other people’s hair growth, so the client’s hair stops growing.

Answer

The client has a larger amount of vellus hair than terminal hair, so the client sheds most hair strands before they can grow long.

Question 21

The hair, skin, nails, and glands are part of the _____ system.

Accepted Answer

integumentary

Answer

lymphatic

Answer

epidermal

Answer

endocrine

Question 22

What is the outermost layer of hair?

Accepted Answer

hair cuticle

Answer

hair follicle

Answer

hair medulla

Answer

hair cortex

Question 23

Hair is approximately _____ percent protein.

Accepted Answer

90

Answer

30

Answer

70

Answer

50

Question 24

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a _____ chain.

Accepted Answer

polypeptide

Answer

amino-peptide

Answer

polymer

Answer

keratin

Question 25

The three different types of side bonds that link chains of amino acids together are _____.

Accepted Answer

hydrogen, salt, and disulfide

Answer

hydrogen, ionic, and carbon

Answer

ionic, helix, and disulfide

Answer

oxygen, hydrogen, and salt

Question 26

Which type of hair has the largest diameter and usually requires more processing?

Accepted Answer

coarse hair

Answer

terminal hair

Answer

gray hair

Answer

medium hair

Question 27

The measurement that describes the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of the scalp is hair _____.

Accepted Answer

density

Answer

diameter

Answer

porosity

Answer

elasticity

Question 28

The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is hair _____.

Accepted Answer

porosity

Answer

elasticity

Answer

density

Answer

saturation

Question 29

What are the three growth cycles of human hair?

Accepted Answer

anagen, catagen, and telogen

Answer

catagen, return, and transition

Answer

anagen, growth phase, and telogen

Answer

anagen, transition, and mature

Question 30

What is the growth phase during which new hair is produced?

Accepted Answer

anagen

Answer

telogen

Answer

catagen

Answer

genesis

Question 31

Which of the following is true about hair?

Accepted Answer

Hair growth rate is determined by genetics.

Answer

Cutting hair makes it grow back faster and darker.

Answer

Scalp massages will increase hair growth.

Answer

Gray hair is coarser than pigmented hair.

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