A ____is an institutional setting in which people are cut off from the wider society and are expected to live according to institutional rules and procedures.

The ____ model holds that the inmate society is shaped by factors external to the prison environment—specifically, the pre-prison experiences and socialization patterns that inmates bring with them when they enter prison.

Entering the ____ of the prison means finding in the diverse environment of the institution a niche that will accommodate the inmate's unique combination of needs.

Inmates who adopt the ____ lifestyle are primarily concerned with getting out of prison as soon as possible and avoiding hard time in the process.

Women's prisons are usually not characterized by the ____ found in men's institutions.

A distinguishing feature of the inmate society in many women's prisons is the presence of:

In women's prisons, the ____ role is occupied by sophisticated professional criminals, who try to do easy time by manipulating other inmates and the staff to their own advantage.

Researchers have observed that the work of correctional officers is characterized by both:

Until the middle of the 20th century, the courts followed a ____ philosophy toward prison matters.

Inmates skilled in legal matters are known as:

Ironically, the Eighth Amendment has done little to protect inmates from staff brutality because:

The equal-protection clause under the ____ Amendment has led the Supreme Court to forbid racial discrimination and has led state courts to target gender discrimination.

A high percentage of lawsuits filed by inmates are judged:

The term parole can

Mandatory release is similar to ____ in that people let out under either arrangement ordinarily receive a period of community supervision.

Shifting patterns in prison release indicate the strong emphasis placed on ____ during the 1980s and the use of ____ to structure early-release decisions.

The results of research on recidivism has indicated that the factor most strongly related to the likelihood of re-arrest was:

One study on recidivism demonstrated that the inmates who adjusted most successfully to prison ____ to life in the free community upon release.

Approximately what percent of all prison inmates will eventually be released from prison?

What is the cause of death for the vast majority of prison inmates who are not eventually released from prison?

According to a recent national study of recidivism among state prisoners, which of the following types of released prisoners had the highest re-arrest rate?

According to a comprehensive review of research that evaluated the effects of correctional interventions on recidivism rates, which of the following types of interventions was most successful in reducing recidivism rates?

What are vulnerable prison inmates known as?

Which of the following items most often assumes the symbolic value of money in the sub-rosa economy of the prison?

Which of the following characteristics is common in both women and men's prisons?

Central to the inmate society of traditional men's prisons in the United States is the convict code.

The process of importation occurs when an inmate enters prison for the first time, and is socialized into the customs and principles of the inmate society.

Few inmates suffer from any psychological maladies.

Relatively few inmates adopt the gleaning lifestyle.

Family activity and homosexual activity appear to be deeply connected in women's prisons.

In the modern prison, it is impossible to rely exclusively on force to gain compliance if mass inmate rebellion is to be avoided.

Ordinarily, inmates want to get their cases into the state courts because they perceive those courts as more receptive to their claims than federal courts are.

The U.S. Supreme Court has moved to ensure that inmates receive all of the elements of due process during the disciplinary process.

The Supreme Court has found that staff use of force against an inmate must cause a significant physical injury to violate the Eighth Amendment.

Prisons long had the right to provide only the minimal conditions necessary for human survival.

Perhaps the strongest argument against court intervention for inmates' rights is that the monies being spent on inmate lawsuits and to comply with court orders could have been spent better to reform the unacceptable practices that sparked the suits in the first place.