an inorganic non-metallic solid made up of either metal or non-metal compounds that have been shaped and then hardened by heating to high temperatures.

Greek word ‘_______’ which means ‘of pottery’ or ‘for pottery’ and from ‘keramos’ meaning ‘potter’s clay’.

It is an important source of alumina in the glassmaking and the ceramics industries.

- Older and more generally known types(ex. Porcelain, brick, earthenware, etc.)

- Based primarily on Natural crude raw materials of clay and silicates

-  Have been developed over the past half century.

- Include industrial inorganic chemicals(artificial raw materials) that exhibits specialized properties, require more sophisticated processing.

2 FACTORS THAT DETERMINE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

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Formation of stable structures.

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Many silicates are useful for engineering materials because of its low cost, availability and special properties.

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Materials comprised primarily of Silicon and Oxygen.

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many forms is also at the heart of several classes of high technology products.

3 POLYMORPHIC CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURES FOR SILICA: 

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involving host atoms may exist in ceramic compounds.

is an expression often used to designate types and concentrations of atomic defects in ceramics.

conditions must be maintained when defect structures are considered.

exist in ceramics for both cations and anions.

exist for cations and are not normally observed for anions because anions are large in comparison with the interstitial sites.

● A cation leaving a lattice site and moving into an interstitial

● Do not normally observe anion defects due to its relatively large size.

a cation occupying an anion site or anion occupying a cation site- which happens in weakly ionic ceramics

Defined as the state for ionic compounds wherein there is an exact ratio of cations to anions as predicted by the chemical formula

It may occur when two valence or ionic states exist for one of the ion types.

can occur through the movement of atoms or ions, depending on the type of ceramic material.

2 TYPES OF DIFFUSIONS:

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Vacancy diffusion

Grain boundary diffusion

occurs when ions or atoms move from one grain through the grain interface.

Arranged the right order of 4 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS, from 1-4.

means that they tend to fracture easily under tension or bending stresses. This is because ceramics have low toughness, which is the ability of a material to absorb energy without fracturing.

- as measured from three-point transverse bending tests may be determined for rectangular and circular cross-sections using, respectively

viscous flow in a liquid that originates from shear stresses imposed by two flat and parallel plates

- good insulating properties (can be changed by changing its density; indirectly proportional)

- Bricks, dinner plates

- Clay-based

- can retain their shape and strength when exposed to high temperatures.

- used in furnaces and kitchens.

- “Electroceramics”

- have good mechanical, thermal,and electrical properties

Ferrimagnetism (permanent magnification)

- made up of ferrites

- Use in transformer, telecommunication, and information recording.

- can be natural or synthetic- have high hardness, and wear.

-resistance, and high toughness.

Glassy or noncrystalline do not solidify like how crystalline materials solidify

When volume increases continuously with temperature reduction; a slight decrease in the slope of the curve.

Ceramic is cooled from an elevated temperature

Molding or shaping of claybased ceramics that have been made plastic and pliable by adding water.

most common hydroplastic forming technique.

A liquid clay body(a slip) is poured into a plaster mold and allowed to form a layer on the inside cavity of the mold

a suspension of clay particulate materials in water

Removal of water from green ceramic.

during the firing operation, the density is further increased.

When clay-based materials are heated to elevated temperatures, some rather complex and involved reactions occur.

*5 Classification in Ceramics (Ceramic Materials)

*5 Classification Based on Application

*5 Important Factors in Fabrication and Processing of Glasses

Ceramic is cooled from an elevated temperature

Ceramics are generally very hard and have high resistance to indentation and scratching. This property is due to the strong ionic and covalent bonding between the atoms in the ceramic material.

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