Wealthy people invested in companies and expected to make profit

crucial for heating water to power steam engines

invented cotton gin, a machine that helped get the seed out of cotton

A major effect of the start of the Industrial Revolution, did not help all farmers

Built near coal mines after steam power invented in 1825, large buildings that produced finished materials

Land, Labor, and capital

Water was the most important factors

Lead to them losing business and having to work in factories

The era when the use of power-driven machinery began to develop

British farmer who invented the seed drill, a machine that made planting grain more efficient

developed an efficient steam engine that was a crucial innovation in industrialization

Flying Shuttle, Many weavers lose jobs

Allowed the use of machines

factories built near them

became known as the Father of American Industry after building the complex Arkwright machinery from memory at a mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island

Built the first steamship

Had all the natural resources necessary to industrialize

slavery became more entrenched throughout the South

Argued that industrialization would help the young United States gain economic independence from Great Britain

Worked in factories because of size and less pay

Worked in factories because of size and less pay

factories changed the nature of labor

Identical machine made parts

organized in the early 1800s to pressure employers to raise and improve working conditions in factories

Oppose industrial changes that were impacting the cottage industries

system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items

growing

wrote the Wealth of Nations

A black smoke covered everything, iron-smelting factories polluted the air.

Wealthy American railroad industrialist

mercantile system in Britain

level of material comfort

The theory that government, rather than individuals, should own property and control industry

Great Britain and France are the leaders

Ruler of Great Britain

Time period when Queen Victoria was ruling

The right to vote

1 million people died in Ireland and many left

Ended slavery in Great Britain and the British Empire

A document sent to parliament demanding voting rights for all men, secret ballots, and an annual vote

First President of France

happened because of Anti-Semitism

Semitism- Against Jewish People

the Group of people that influenced Reform act of 1832

Created a President in France, Gave voters new rights

People of European descent born in the new colonies

People born in Europe living in the new colonies

Creole priest, wanted Mexican Independence

Liberator, gained independence for South America

United States bought land west of the Mississippi

James Monroe says "this is our land, Stay out."

This land is our God given right so we are going to take it.

End of Slavery

Author of the Emancipation Proclamation, freed slaves

Garibaldi followers, who killed people for freedom

King Sardinia

launched the nationalist group called Young Italy

Leading force behind German unification

Developed policies based on the interest of Prussia

Custom Union

Ruler of the Austrian Empire

Hungarians who rebelled against Austria

Austria and Hungary were separate but equal states under one king

Government ruler with unlimited power

Agricultural workers who were considered part of the land on which they worked

A society with no private property and the state owned everything

Created to control trade between Britain, India, and East Asia

Indian soldiers in British army rebel

the first Indian Nationalist Movement

Preserve the powers of the Muslims in India

"own Country"

Treaty that Benefited one country more then another

Boxers started attacking missionaries and Christians

allowed American ships to stop at two Japanese ports

Japanese War- War between China and Japan

one race is better than another

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

France, Russia, Great Britain

His assassination started WWI

taking no sides in conflict

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

USA, GB, France, Russia

Deadlocked region in Northern France

Having pride for one's country

fighting from trenches

Using all of society's resources for war

information designed to influence people's opinions.

Purpose was to kill as many French as possible

200,000 allied troops died trying to enter the Mediterranean Sea

The deliberate destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group

A plan that allowed some capitalist activity

German submarines used in World War I

A telegram that was intercepted by the British from Germany to Mexico

Truce

ended WWI

created after WWI to help regulate the punishments after WWI

Chinese communist trying to find a safe place to live

400 Indians killed by British soldiers

Leader of the Nationalist Movement in India

Stock market crashes, start of Great Depression

the largest economic downturn in the US

elected President in 1932

Plan to create new jobs to grow the economy

Japan attacks Northeast China

Japan and Germany join together to fight communism

100,000 Chinese citizens murdered by Japanese soldiers

Fascist leader of Italy

authoritarian form of government

government controls all aspects of life

Nazi party leader

Nationalist Socialist Party

Anti-Jews

Eliminated Jewish rights

the night Hitler killed all his political competition

giving in to aggressive demands

Germany, Italy, Japan

"lightning war"

Avoiding involvement in war

Nazi's decision to not attack Moscow and attack Stalingrad

US General in Philippines

Turning point in the war in the Pacific against Japan

Japanese pilots that would crash planes into US ships

Mass execution of Jews

confined area in a city

camps used to hold Hitler's "enemies of the state"

Killing of 6 million Jews during WWII

Day- June 6, allies storm Normandy Beach

Victory in Europe day

Victory in Japan Day

Designed to encourage international cooperation and prevent war

Russia, Great Britain, France, and US meet to decide what should happen after WWII.

Military trials for the Nazi officials held in Nuremberg Germany

Used to repay reparations from Germany

Communist leader of Russia after WWII, planned to establish a pro-Soviet Communist government throughout Eastern Europe

US and USSR enter a period of tension and hostility

Phrase that Churchill used to describe the sharp divide between Western and Eastern Europe

A pledge to provide economic and military aid to oppose the spread of Communism, Sent hundreds of millions of dollars in aid to Greece and Turkey

A plan to help Western Europe make a rapid recovery after WWII and help preserve political stability

the belief that if one country in a region turned communist then the rest of the area would as well.

Involved resisting Soviet aggression in order to contain the spread of communism

A massive effort to supply West Berlin food and other supplies by air.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, designed to counter Soviet power in Europe

The Soviet Union and the Communist nations of Eastern Europe formed their own alliance

Allies and Soviet agree to divide the nation, Soviets established a Communist government, the US supported a non-Communist regime.

West was scared of a successful Soviet Nuclear test, US sought to develop even more powerful weapons.

First fusion powered bomb, Completely vaporized the island that it was tested on

the development of or maintenance of military power to deter or prevent an attack

A struggle between nations to gain an advantage in weapons

History's first artificial satellite- an object that orbits the earth. Made Americans fear that Soviets had passed them in technology

The growing threat of nuclear war had a significant impact on people in the United States and other nations

France wanted to regain control of the area, Communist rebels fought back, forced the French to give up control

Wall used to split the divided city of Berlin from East (communist) and West

East is Soviet controlled Communist government, West is US backed government

US government wanted to overthrow Castro, sent 1,500 Cuban-Americans back to Cuba to start a revolution in Cuba and overthrow Castro, Failed

A confrontation between the US and Soviet Union over the installation of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, US installed missiles in Turkey

Civil war started in 1975 and lasted until 1991. US and Soviet supported opposite sides

Countries that sought to avoid being caught up in the worldwide rivalry

Reduced tensions between the superpowers

Treaties made by Richard Nixon that limited the types of missiles countries could have

George H.W. Bush

Leader of the civil rights campaign

Knocked down longstanding barriers to equality for African Americans

A rebellion of teenagers and young adults against mainstream American society

Came to power in the Soviet Union in 1985

openness

Restructuring

Peaceful revolutions in Czechoslovakia

Only communist country to stay out of Soviet Union control/influence

the elimination of an ethnic group from society through killing or forced emigration

an economic and political union among nations of Europe