Question 1

How does the author introduce the idea that the Purple code finally began to be understood?

Accepted Answer

by explaining how a person noticed something interesting about the symbols

Answer

by indicating that many mathematicians were working on the messages

Answer

by indicating that the messages were created by a special machine

Answer

by explaining how a system was used to obtain signals from other countries

Question 2

What is the purpose for including the information in paragraphs 5 through 7 in the article?

Accepted Answer

to indicate the importance of understanding secret messages

Answer

to illustrate the relationship between different countries

Answer

to indicate a common naming method for codes

Answer

to illustrate the reasons why a global conflict occurred

Question 3

Which claim by the author is best supported by evidence in the article?

Accepted Answer

“. . . the United States used a complex system to intercept the communications and break the codes.” (paragraph 7)

Answer

“Many cryptanalysts were people who studied how languages worked.” (paragraph 4)

Answer

“. . . Grotjan was one of just a few women working at the highest levels of code breaking.” (paragraph 5)

Answer

“the United States had not entered the war, but relations with Japan were becoming more and more strained.” (paragraph 7)

Question 4

What does the information in paragraphs 8 and 9 mainly illustrate?

Accepted Answer

why understanding coded messages was a difficult process

Answer

how coded messages were created using a special machine

Answer

why cryptanalysts made guesses about coded messages

Answer

how coded messages were translated into a different language

Question 5

How does paragraph 11 strengthen the author’s central claim?

Accepted Answer

by explaining the value of decoded messages to the U.S. government

Answer

by referring to the places where coded messages originated

Answer

by describing how U.S. agencies built a cipher machine

Answer

by indicating the name given to messages obtained from cipher machines

Question 6

What is the purpose of the illustration in the article?

Accepted Answer

to show a device used to read coded messages

Answer

to explain how messages were coded

Answer

to show an example of a coded message

Answer

to explain why some messages were coded

Question 7

Which detail from the article best reveals the importance of Grotjan’s discovery?

Accepted Answer

“. . . Magic contributed enormously to the defeat of the enemy, greatly shortened the war, and saved many thousands of lives.” (paragraph 12)

Answer

“Their cries of ‘That’s it!’ ‘Whoopee!’ ‘Hooray!’ broke the silence of the room, which was usually as quiet as a library.” (paragraph 3)

Answer

“Each symbol stood for a letter, but the letter it stood for changed as the machine moved forward.” (paragraph 9)

Answer

“. . . the SIS and U.S. Navy built a Purple cipher machine just like the decoding machines used in Japanese embassies.” (paragraph 11)

Question 8

What important idea do the authors develop in paragraph 3?

Accepted Answer

Some modern schools have a connection to the past.

Answer

Classrooms should continue to be updated.

Answer

Older buildings oen lacked necessary conveniences.

Answer

Methods of teaching can change over the years.

Question 9

Read this sentence from paragraph 4.

In Honeoye Falls, New York, there is a one-room schoolhouse where kids today can experience what it was like to be students in the late19th century.

Why is this detail important to the article?

Accepted Answer

It shows that a connection can be made with students from another time.

Answer

It highlights the general popularity of historical attractions.

Answer

It indicates that students are often interested in the history of education.

Answer

It suggests the importance of preserving historical buildings.

Question 10

Traditions allow people to both honor the past and celebrate the present. Which detail from paragraph 6 best represents this idea?

Accepted Answer

“Since 1898, Rochester has held a Lilac Festival every May.”

Answer

“There are more than 500 varieties of lilacs and more than 1,200 lilac bushes . . .”

Answer

“It was beautifully landscaped with trees and shrubs . . .”

Answer

“The park’s collection of lilacs originally started with 20 varieties in 1892.”

Question 11

In paragraph 9, what is the main way the authors indicate the importance of the Montauk Point Lighthouse?

Accepted Answer

by describing how the lighthouse still provides assistance to ships

Answer

by referring to its status as the oldest lighthouse in the state

Answer

by explaining that the lighthouse now uses an automatic beacon

Answer

by mentioning the house attached to the lighthouse where families lived

Question 12

How do the authors develop the idea of “legacy” in the article?

Accepted Answer

by explaining the history that inspired traditions

Answer

by providing a chronological sequence of events

Answer

by contrasting various celebrations in the state

Answer

by referring to the dates when festivals began

Question 13

Read this claim from paragraph 2.

Every lichen is a tiny team . . .

Which detail from the article best supports this claim?

Accepted Answer

“makes food for both itself and the fungus” (paragraph 13)

Answer

“lichen on a tree looks like a gray-green, mossy stain” (paragraph 1)

Answer

“the loose leaves or decaying logs from which they grew” (paragraph 9)

Answer

“the spores of a fungus and another that looked like an alga” (paragraph 10)

Question 14

Read the sentence from paragraph 4.

“Plenty of people can draw,” he said, “but you . . . have observation.”

Which detail from the article best supports this claim?

Accepted Answer

The author refers to Potter’s attention to detail in her drawings.

Answer

The author highlights Potter’s ability to grow fungi in her kitchen.

Answer

The author explains that Potter enjoyed drawing from nature.

Answer

The author provides evidence that Potter contributed to science.

Question 15

What is the most important way Charles McIntosh influenced Potter’s career?

Accepted Answer

He provided Potter with different types of fungi to study.

Answer

He was familiar with the scientific names of fungi.

Answer

He was interested in the fungi paintings Potter made.

Answer

He enjoyed collecting fungi while he worked.

Question 16

In paragraph 8, what does the phrase “the fungus starred the ground” mean?

Accepted Answer

The fungi were plentiful.

Answer

The fungi were bright.

Answer

The fungi were tall.

Answer

The fungi were hidden.

Question 17

What do the details in paragraph 9 most reveal about Beatrix Potter?

Accepted Answer

She was curious about the world.

Answer

She was a famous artist.

Answer

She enjoyed outdoor adventures.

Answer

She thought nature should be left alone.

Question 18

Which statement best describes how Potter responded when people doubted her findings?

Accepted Answer

She chose to spend more of her time working on stories for children.

Answer

She argued with botanists until they agreed to listen to her.

Answer

She decided to write more papers for scientists about lichens.

Answer

She put her drawings of mushrooms on display for others to see.

Question 19

Read the sentence from paragraph 10.

Potter also looked at lichens, which scientists grouped with the fungi.

Which statement best represents the meaning of this sentence?

Accepted Answer

Scientists believed lichens and fungi were related.

Answer

Scientists had shown little interest in examining lichens.

Answer

Scientists wondered if lichens could live separately from algae.

Answer

Scientists had discovered algae makes food for itself and its partner.

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