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Energy Transfer by Waves
The electromagnetic spectrum comprises all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation that transmit energy and travel in the form of waves. This spectrum has different portions with different characteristics. The portion of the spectrum that humans can see is called visible light. People use the electromagnetic spectrum every day. Car radios, cell phones, and microwave ovens are just a few examples of devices that use the electromagnetic spectrum.
Which claim best describes the relationship between the frequency and wavelength of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum?
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Waves with a higher frequency have a shorter wavelength.
Waves with a higher frequency have a longer wavelength.
Waves with a lower frequency have a shorter wavelength.
There is no relationship between frequency and wavelength of waves.

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Q1
Energy Transfer by Waves
The electromagnetic spectrum comprises all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation that transmit energy and travel in the form of waves. This spectrum has different portions with different characteristics. The portion of the spectrum that humans can see is called visible light. People use the electromagnetic spectrum every day. Car radios, cell phones, and microwave ovens are just a few examples of devices that use the electromagnetic spectrum.
Which claim best describes the relationship between the frequency and wavelength of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum?
Waves with a higher frequency have a shorter wavelength.
Waves with a higher frequency have a longer wavelength.
Waves with a lower frequency have a shorter wavelength.
There is no relationship between frequency and wavelength of waves.
30s
MS-PS4-1
Q2
A student wants to develop a model that demonstrates the transmission of waves.
Which concept should the student include in the model to show how the transmission of visible light is different from the transmission of sound waves?
Light and sound waves can be transmitted through space.
Light can be transmitted through different forms of matter, but sound waves can only be transmitted through space.
Light can be transmitted through space and matter, but sound waves can only be transmitted through matter.
Light can be transmitted only through space, and sound waves can be transmitted through space and matter.
30s
MS-PS4-2
Q3
The models below represent the paths of visible light rays as the visible light rays interact with blocks made of different materials, labeled A and B.
Based on the behavior of these visible light rays, which claim can be made about materials A or B?
Material A is transparent because the light ray is transmitted.
Material A is transparent because the light ray is absorbed.
Material B is transparent because the light ray is transmitted.
Material B is transparent because the light ray is absorbed.
30s
MS-PS4-2
Q4
The model below represents a visible light ray striking the surface of a block of shiny metal at point X.
Which shows the path of the light ray if the ray was reflected from the shiny metal surface at point X?
30s
MS-PS4-2
Q5
The model below shows sound waves being emitted from a cell phone.
What happens to the sound if the amplitude of the waves increases?
The energy of the sound will increase.
The sound becomes quieter and higher in pitch.
The sound stays the same in both volume and pitch.
The energy of the sound will decrease.
30s
MS-PS4-1
Q6
How were two traits altered that resulted in modern day corn plants?
The number of branches and the number of flowers increased.
The number of branches and the amount of edible food decreased.
The number of branches decreased, but the amount of edible food increased.
The number of flowers decreased, but the number of branches increased.
30s
MS-LS4-5
Q7
Which type of technique (selective breeding or genetic engineering) is used to produce corn from teosinte?
Genetic engineering, because early farmers used chemicals to change the traits of teosinte.
Genetic engineering, because scientists directly modified the DNA of teosinte to create corn.
Selective breeding, people chose teosinte plants with undesirable characteristics to breed and produce seeds with these undesirable traits.
Selective breeding, it involves choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics. This eventually resulted in modern corn.
30s
MS-LS4-5
Q8
In terms of offspring traits, why sexual reproduction and not asexual reproduction was used to produce corn plants from teosinte plants?
Sexual reproduction creates identical offspring, ensuring all plants have the same traits as the parent.
Asexual reproduction leads to more variety in traits so better traits can be obtained.
Sexual reproduction allows for variation in offspring traits so the best traits can be obtained, while asexual reproduction leads to the same traits in parents and offspring.
Asexual reproduction produces plants with many seeds, while sexual reproduction reduces the number of seeds.
30s
MS-LS3-2
Q9
Insect pests damage a large amount of corn every year. One way scientists have successfully solved this problem is by growing a variety of corn that has an insect-resistant gene, the Bt gene, spliced into its genetic material. The Bt gene is cut from specific bacteria and inserted into the genetic material of corn. Insects feeding on this “Bt corn” get sick and die soon after. The chart below illustrates and describes a part of the process.
Adding the genetic material from the bacterium to the genetic material of the corn is an example of
natural selection
biodiversity
gene therapy
genetic modification
30s
MS-LS4-5
Q10
Sometimes traits that are not expected show up in organisms such as corn. Some of these traits are desirable, while others are harmful. The model below shows a structural change occurring in a chromosome.
Which change would not result in a new trait being seen in future generations of corn?
a mutation in the genetic material of a leaf
an alteration in the genes of a sex cell
a change in chromosomes during the production of seeds
a modification of the genetic material in pollen
30s
MS-LS3-1
Q11
The graph below shows how the changes in acres of Bt corn grown from 1996 to 2008 have influenced the amount of insecticide used per acre over that same period of time.
The graph indicates that the design solution of adding the Bt gene into corn plants helps protect the stability of an ecosystem by
keeping the amount of insecticide used constant
keeping the amount of corn grown constant
decreasing the amount of insecticide used
decreasing the amount of Bt corn grown
30s
MS-ETS1-2
Q12
How the kinetic energy of the three skaters was affected as a result of the mass of each skater? (Use quantitative information from any one ramp position on the graph to support your answer.)
As the mass of the skaters increased, the kinetic energy increased. The $80-kg$ skater had a kinetic energy of $3200J$ at position $5$ , while the other two skaters were only $2400J$ and $1600J$ for the same position.
As the mass of the skaters increased, the kinetic energy increased. The $40-kg$ skater had a kinetic energy of $3200J$ at position $5$ , while the other two skaters were only $2000J$ and $1400J$ for the same position.
Kinetic energy is proportional to the mass of the skater. At position $8$ , the kinetic energy of the $80-kg$ skater is $1600J$ and the kinetic energy of the $40-kg$ skater is $3200J$ .
Kinetic energy is proportional to the mass of the skater. At position $8$ , the kinetic energy of the $50-kg$ skater is $1600J$ and the kinetic energy of the $40-kg$ skater is $3200J$ .
30s
MS-PS3-1
Q13
Energy of Skateboarders
Three skaters, who weighed between 88 pounds (40 kg) and 177pounds (80 kg), went to a local skate park and each tried the half-pipe. A half-pipe is a U-shaped ramp, as shown below.
Data on the kinetic energy of the three skaters (40 kg, 60 kg, and 80 kg) at ten different positions of the half-pipe ramp were collected and graphed. The locations of the positions on the ramp are shown below.
Which table summarizes the relationship between the speed of a skater and the skater’s kinetic energy?
30s
MS-PS3-1
Q14
30s
MS-PS3-1
Q15
Which statement explains how the model of the ramp shown would need to be modified in order to increase the potential energy of the skater at position 10?
The elevation of the ramp above ground would have to decrease to 2 meters.
The elevation of the ramp above ground would have to increase to greater than 4 meters.
The length of the ramp would have to double and remain at the same elevation.
The length of the ramp would be reduced by half and remain at the same elevation.
30s
MS-PS3-2