Organic Nomenclature. Hydrocarbon Derivatives: ALCOHOL School Logo An alcohol is an organic compound with a hydroxyl (OH) functional group on an aliphatic carbon atom. Because OH is the functional group of all alcohols, we often represent alcohols by the general formula ROH, where R is an alkyl group. Hydrocarbon Derivatives: ETHER School Logo Ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group- an oxygen atom bonded to two organyl groups (alkyl or aryl). They have the general formula R-O-R’ . Hydrocarbon Derivatives: ALDEHYDE School Logo Aldehydes are also known as formyl or methanoyl group. It derived their name from the dehydration of alcohols and contain the carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. Hydrocarbon Derivatives: KETONE School Logo Ketone is any of a class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group in which the carbon atom is covalently bonded to an oxygen atom. Hydrocarbon Derivatives: CARBOXYLIC ACID School Logo A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains the carboxyl functional group. The general formula for a carboxylic acid is R-COOH. The carbon atom of the carboxyl group may be attached to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon chain. Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Ester School Logo Esters are organic compounds that are derived from carboxylic acids. The carboxyl group –COOH is contained in a carboxylic acid. The hydrogen in this group is being replaced by a hydrocarbon group in esters. These hydrocarbon groups could be a methyl, ethyl, or phenyl group. Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Amine School Logo An amine is a derivative of ammonia in which one, two, or all three hydrogen atoms are replaced by hydrocarbon groups. The amine functional group is as follows: primary, secondary, or tertiary by the number of hydrocarbon groups attached to the nitrogen atom.Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Amine School Logo An amine is a derivative of ammonia in which one, two, or all three hydrogen atoms are replaced by hydrocarbon groups. The amine functional group is as follows: primary, secondary, or tertiary by the number of hydrocarbon groups attached to the nitrogen atom.