A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue

Larger, complex, with nucleus, membrane bound organelles, DNA tightly wrapped around histone proteins in chromosomes, cellulose in plant cell walls.

Any cells in the body other than reproductive cells

Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

The material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics

Thread-like structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure

One of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome

Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached

Mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue

A cancerous mass that is invasive enough to impair the functions of one or more organs.

Any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division

The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site

The removal of living tissue from the body for diagnostic examination

Specialist in the study of disease

Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.

Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases

Chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms

Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.

Division of the cytoplasm during cell division

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

The two new cells that result from mitosis and cytokinesis

DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission.

A random error in gene replication that leads to a change

An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells

The formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

A nucleic acid containing ribose as the sugar component which helps direct protein synthesis

The organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA

Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced

A single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein

Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid

Group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon

A mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide

A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.

A change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the chromosome is removed.

The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes

A forecast of the probable course and outcome of a disease or situation

An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.

The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Different versions of a gene

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

The 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human, contains genes that will determine the sex of the individual.

Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues

The body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

A neural structure that directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), and is linked to emotion and reward.

Under the influence of the hypothalamus, this master gland regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.

Produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth

A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and epinephrine and norepinephrine that help arouse the body in times of stress.

An organ that secretes insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream to help regulate blood glucose levels.

Secretes male/female sex hormones

The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.

Test used to determine if the chromosomes are normal in structure & number

Reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes as body cells

Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms

Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate.

Chromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence of one chromosome from the normal diploid number

A condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei, causing developmental abnormalities.

A metabolic disorder that is caused by defective or absent receptors for LDLs on cell surfaces, that is marked by an increase in blood plasma LDLs and by an accumulation of LDLs in the body

A laboratory technique for amplifying DNA in vitro by incubating with special primers, DNA polymerase molecules, and nucleotides.

Enzymes that cut DNA into fragments at a specific sequence of nucleotides

genetic disorder with multiple benign fibrous tumors that grow anywhere in the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

An immortal cell line used in scientific research originating from ovarian cancer in Henriette Lacks