Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms.

The basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

The structure of DNA, consisting of two strands that wind around each other, forming a twisted ladder shape.

Pairs of nitrogenous bases in DNA that bond together, specifically adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine.

A weak bond that occurs between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another, crucial for base pairing in DNA.

The structural framework of DNA, composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.

Segments of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins and determining traits.

Structures within cells that contain DNA and proteins, which organize and package genetic material.

Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, used in molecular biology for cloning and analysis.

The specific sequence of nucleotides where a restriction enzyme binds and cuts DNA.

The process of cutting DNA into smaller fragments using restriction enzymes.

A technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences, making millions of copies of a particular segment.