A neonate is from birth to __ days old.

Which of the following is the most common problem in the neonate and involves problems with converting to the extrauterine environment?

Which of the following describes formation of essential structures during lung development?

Which of the following describes prep for postnatal breathing during lung development?

Which of the following describes increased size and surface area during lung development?

What happens at 30 weeks?

The distal end of terminal bronchus expand into alveoli lined with flat epi from

Grunting, nose flaring, retraction of chest and tachypnea is seen in __ distress.

Neonatal respirations are up to ___ rpm.

Which of the following occurs more commonly in premature babies, male, familial predisp, short labor, infant of diabetic mother and perinatal asphyxia?

Which type of alveolar cells perform gas exchange?

Which type of alveolar cells manufacture surfactant?

Between 32-34, __ is produced, which makes surfactant.

Which of the following is used to assess surfactant levels?

An L:S ratio > __ predicts adequate surfactant production.

A baby has decreased FRV, hypoxemia (V/Q mismatch), respiratory distress, retractions, and atelectasis. On X-ray, ground glass appearance is seen. What condition does the baby have?

A baby has mild hypoxemia (V/Q mismatch), respiratory distress, and tachypnea. On X-ray, fissural fluid is seen. What condition does the baby have?

Which of the following is caused by lack of adequate negative pressure, time, and development of lymphatics?

A baby has chemical pneumonitis and a ball valve effect. What condition does the baby have?

Which of the following is depleted in a post-term baby?

Head compression causes increased __ tone.

What is the most common cause of bowel perforation in neonate d/t extensive mucosal breakdown, ulceration, and transmural necrosis and is more common in premature?

Where is the most common sites of necrotizing enterocolitis?

Which of the following is obstruction to air flow during inspiration?

Which of the following is acute obstruction of the upper airwayin infants and children with stridorous respirations and bark-like cough?

Which of the following is classic viral croup that occurs in 6mo-3yo and is most common in late fall?

To treat a baby, you stop feeding, nasogastric decompression, IV fluids, start broad spectrum antibiotics and may entertain surgery. What condition is being treated

To treat a baby, you do preventative care, supportive care, oxygen, mechanical ventilator, ECMO or antibiotics. What condition is being treated

To treat a baby, you try prevention with tocolytics and steroids, oxygen, CPAP, mechanical ventilation, surfactant, and ECMO. What condition is being treated

What is the most common cause of laryngotracheobronchitis?

In all newborns with respiratory distress, you want to start

A patient has epithelial necrosis and shedding, seal-bark coughing, reactive paralysis of cords, inspiratory stridor, steeple sign, and airway obstruction of fixed subglottic region (subglottic croup). What condition do they have?

What type of treatment should be done for a laryngotracheobrochitis patient who has no respiratory distress or drinking probs?

What type of treatment should be done for moderate/severe laryngotracheobrochitis patient?

Nebulized racemic epi causes ___ that reduces subglottic edema.

The swelling returns after __ hours of nebulized epi Tx.

A 2 yo patient has acute stridor that lasts minutes to an hour, only occurs at night and in clusters, and requires no therapy (maybe inhaled steroids for severe). What condition do they have?

A 5 yo patient has supraglottic inflammation due to bacterial infection that started early in the day. The patient has a high fever and has dysphagia, dysphonia, drooling and is on distress What condition do they have?

What are is the least common pathogen for epiglottitis due to immunizations?

How do you inspect for epiglottitis?

What is seen on X-ray in epiglottitis?

What is given for Hib prophylaxis?

A 5 yo patient has purulent membrane below the vocal cords. You determine that they need intubation and antibiotics after direct visualization. What condition do they have?

Match the timing with the condition.

Pneumonia is an infection of the _

Sort the defenses.

Group the risk factors to LRT.

In pneumonia in newborns, what is the most prevalent symptom?

In pneumonia in older children and adolescents, what is the most prevalent symptom?

Match the following.

Match the following.

Bacterial pneumonia is usually __ while viral/atypical pneumonia is usually ___

What is the MCC of neonatal pneumonia and shows ground-glass appearance and air bronchograms?

What is the MCC of viral pneumonia in infants?

What is the MCC of bacterial pneumonia in infants?

What is the MCC of febrile pneumonia in infants?

What is the most sensitive and specific sign of pneumonia in children?

A baby in its first 6 weeks of life comes into the office. They had no symptoms at birth, now, 2 weeks later, you suspect pneumonia. On PE, you notice conjunctivitis. What are they most likely infected with?

A baby who has had a cough comes into the office. Recently, when they cough they become cyanotic. On CT, you notice intracranial hemorrhages and labs show extremely high WBC with lymphocytosis. What are they most likely infected with?

A toddler with a fever comes into the office. On PE, you hear rales and order a CXR that shows lobar findings. What are they most likely infected with?

An older child presents afebrile, headache, abdominal discomfort, gradual onset over several days to fever and respiratory symptoms with a rash. What are they most likely infected with?

What is the function of giving macrolides to babies with pertussis?

Which of the following are treatments for a toddler with pneumococcus?

What is the MCC of pneumonia in a febrile older child?

What is a very common cause of pneumonia in an afebrile older child?

A 17 yo girl with an immunocompromised condition comes into the office with rapidly deteriorating condition. On CXR, she has pulmonary abscesses/pneumatocele. What is she most likely infected with?

A 17 yo girl who is up to date with all of her immunizations comes into the office with a paroxysmal cough that she has had for more than 3 weeks. To diagnose, you order a viral respiratory panel PCR. What is she most likely infected with?

Patient has NEC, what is the progression of their disease?

Which of the following is not given to a baby with laryngotracheitis?

What is the MCC of retropharyngeal abscess?

Which of the following presents with stiff neck or torticollis and mimics epiglottitis?

Grunting is a vocal cord approximation that keeps lower airways open by increasing positive end ___ pressure.