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Planetary Systems - 2nd half
Quiz by Kim Napora
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THE SOAR SYSTEM A solar system is a group of planets and other celestial bodies that revolve around a star. A solar nebula- a vast cloud of gas and dust, mostly hydrogen and helium. How the Solar System Form • COLLAPSE AND SPINNING DISK FORMATION - Gravity pulls material inward. The cloud flattens into a spinning disk due to conservation of angular momentum. • PROTOSTAR FORMATION- (BIRTH OF THE SUN). Material collects at the center, and begun to heat up. When it reaches to 10 million KELVIN, nuclear fusion begins. thus, SUN is born. • PLANETESIMALS AND PROTOPLANETS. Dust and gas in the disk stick together via static and gravitational forces. These form planetesimals, which grow into protoplanets collision and accretion. • PLANET FORMATION. Inner disk: too hot for gas rocky planets form Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. • PLANET FORMATION. Outer disk: gas and ice giants. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune • LEFTOVER DEBRIS. Remaining materials forms moon, asteroids, comets and dwarf planets. DIFFERENT HYPOTHESIS IN THE FORMATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM. 1. NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS- The Solar system formed from a rotating cloud of Gas and Dust (solar nebula). As it rotates conservation of angular momentum caused the cloud to flatten into a disk. the Sun formed at the center (DISK) while planets formed from the surrounding materials through acceleration. thus, it explains the coplanar and nearly circular orbit of the planets all planets orbits around the sun on the same flat, disk shaped plane. Proposed by Immanuel Kant in 1755 and Modified by Pierre Simon Laplace in 1756. PROTOPLANET HYPOTHESIS. The Solar system formed from a rotating cloud of Gas and Dust (solar nebula). As it rotates conservation of angular momentum caused the cloud to flatten into a disk. 2. Protoplanet hypothesis. Builds on the nebular model but focuses more on the role of planetesimals which then form into full planets. PROCESS: - Small solid particles stick together through collisions. As collisions takes place, it grows into kilometer-sized planetesimals. Gravitational interactions lead to the formation of planets. Lead to formation of steroids belts and varying planet sizes 3. Encounter hypothesis. States that the sun encountered a rogue star. The encounter led to the removal of hot gas from both stars due to their gravitational interaction. The hot gas then accumulated and formed the planets. The materials from the less dense rogue star formed the other planets, while that from the sun formed the inner planets. 4. TIDAL HYPOTHESIS. (also called the Tidal Theory) is an early scientific idea about how the solar system might have formed. Proposed by James Jeans and Harold Jeffreys. A massive star passed very close to the early Sun. The hot gas then accumulated and formed the planets. The materials from the less dense rogue star formed the other planets, while that from the sun formed the inner planets. Streams of hot gas were drawn out from the Sun in elongated shape. These streams eventually condensed and cooled, forming planets, moons, and other bodies in the solar system. 5. Not accepted theory. Later studies showed the streams of hot gas would disperse too quickly into space instead of condensing into planets. The theory also couldn’t explain the specific orbital patterns and compositions we see today. Modern science favors the Nebular Hypothesis, which explains solar system formation through the collapse of a rotating gas cloud. Earth as the only habitable planet 1. Right Distance from the Sun (The Goldilocks Zone). Not too hot, not too cold — just right for liquid water to exist. 2. Atmosphere with Oxygen. Earth has a mix of gases, especially oxygen, which most living things need to survive. 3. Liquid Water. Earth has oceans, rivers, and rain — water is essential for all life. 4. Magnetic Field. Earth’s magnetic field protects us from harmful solar radiation. 5. Stable Climate. The atmosphere and natural cycles keep temperatures and weather mostly stable over time. 6. Rich Resources. Earth has soil for growing food, minerals, and energy sources that support life and technology. Solar explorations 1. AUGUST 6, 2014. First space craft to orbit a comet (ROSETTA PROBE). Captures the comet photograph. -Comets have coma and tail as it approaches to the sun. 2. JULY 14, 2015. NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft made history by becoming the first spacecraft to fly by Pluto, giving us our first close-up look at the dwarf planet. First time visiting Pluto. Before this, Pluto was just a blurry dot in telescope images. Revealed a surprising world New Horizons showed mountains of ice, smooth plains, and a heart-shaped region called Tombaugh Regio. Changed what we knew. Scientists thought Pluto would be dull and frozen — instead, it turned out to be geologically active and incredibly complex. 3. SEPTEMBER 8, 2016. NASA launched OSIRIS-REx, the first U.S. mission to collect a sample from an asteroid and return it to Earth. Changed what we knew. Scientists thought Pluto would be dull and frozen — instead, it turned out to be geologically active and incredibly complex. OSIRIS-REx stands for: Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security–Regolith Explorer It was sent to study the asteroid Bennu, a near-Earth asteroid about 500 meters wide. Mission Goals: Collect a sample of surface material from Bennu Study the asteroid’s omposition, structure, and history. Mission Goals: Help scientists understand the origins of the solar system. Learn more about asteroids that could impact Earth. 4. August 12, 2018: Launch of NASA’s Parker Solar Probe, the first spacecraft to "touch" the Sun by flying through its outer atmosphere, called the corona. Mission Goal: To study the Sun up close and help scientists understand: How the solar wind (a stream of charged particles) is formed. Why the Sun’s corona is hotter than its surface. What causes solar storms that can affect Earth’s satellites and power grids. 5. November 26, 2018: NASA’s Insight Lander Touches Down on Mars. Its mission was focused on studying the interior of the Red Planet (crust, mantle, and core of the planet). Why the Sun’s corona is hotter than its surface. What causes solar storms that can affect Earth’s satellites and power grids 6. November 26, 2018: NASA’s Insight Lander Touches Down on Mars. Its mission was focused on studying the interior of the Red Planet (crust, mantle, and core of the planet) 7. JULY 30, 2020 PERSEVERANCE PROBE. Perseverance rover as part of the Mars 2020 mission aboard an Atlas V-541 rocket This marked a major step in Mars exploration. 8. DECEMBER 25, 2021-JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE. Investigate exoplanets’ atmospheres for signs of habitability. Observe the first galaxies formed after the Big Bang. Study the formation of stars and planetary systems. Look deeper into the infrared universe than ever before. RESULTS OF EXPLORATION • Evidence of Ancient Life-friendly Environment. • Sedimentary rocks formed in water-rich environments. • Signs of clay and carbonate minerals, which can preserve biosignatures (traces of past life). • Evidence of Ancient Life-friendly Environment. • Sedimentary rocks formed in water-rich environments. • Signs of clay and carbonate minerals, which can preserve biosignatures (traces of past life). • Evidence of Ancient Life-friendly Environment. • Sedimentary rocks formed in water-rich environments. • Signs of clay and carbonate minerals, which can preserve biosignatures (traces of past life).Planetary System Panimula Natuklasan mo na ba kung paanong ginawa o nilikha ng Diyos ang daigdig? Ayon sa Genesis 1:1 “Nang pasimula ay nilikha ng Diyos ang langit at lupa.” Napakapalad natin dahil isa rin tayo sa nilikha Niya. Nakasama pa tayo sa isang paraiso na ngayo’y ating ginagalawan. Sa modyul na ito malalaman mo kung anong mga bagay pa ang nilikha ng Diyos na may kinalaman sa ating tinitirhan, ang mundo o daigdig? Mga dapat tandaan at layunin Handa ka na bang tuklasin ang ating daigdig? Kung handa ka na ihanda mo na ang iyong mapa o globo kung mayroon man. Ang Layunin mo sa modyul na ito ay ang mga sumusunod: • Nailalarawan ang daigdig bilang planeta ng solar system • Nailalarawan ang daigdig sa mga tao • Natatalakay at napapahalagahan : a. Bahaging Lupa b. Bahaging Tubig c. Bahaging Hangin • Natatalakay ang katangian ng globo bilang modelo ng mundo at ang mapa bilang patag na representasyon ng mundo • Naipapakita ang pakikiisa sa pag-aalaga at pagliligtas sa daigdig Pangunahing Pagsusulit Panuto: Isulat kung tama o mali. _________1. Ang daigdig ay planeta ng mga tao. _________2. Ang mapa ang sinasabing modelo ng mundo. _________3. Binubuo ng tatlong panlabas na bahagi ang ating daigdig. _________4. Pangatlo sa pinakamalapit sa araw ang ating mundo. _________5. Ang ating daigdig ay binubuo ng 75% na bahaging tubig at 25% na bahaging lupa. Nilalaman Noong unang panahon may iba’t ibang paniniwala ang mga tao sa daigdig. Inakala ng mga unang tao na ang mundo ay isang malawak na kapatagan at ang dulo ay walang hanggan. Sinasabi na ang daigdig ay isang hugis pabilog na batong lumulutang sa kalawakan. Bahagi ito ng tinatawag na solar system – isang kaayusan ng mga bagay na planetaryo sa kalawakan na ang nakapangunguna ay ang araw. Ang daigdig ay isang planeta na may tunay na hugis na oblate spheroid. Pangatlo sa pinakamalapit sa araw, na may layong 148,800,000 kilometro. Ang globo ang modelo ng mundo o daigdig samantalang ang mapa ay ang patag na representasyon ng mundo. Isang kartograper ang gumawa ng mapa. Makikita rito ang lawak ng isang lugar, direksyon mula sa iba’t ibang lugar, hugis ng lugar sa mundo at ang iskala mula sa lahat ng punto ng mapa. Ano ba ang iskala? Ito’y tawag sa paraan ng pagpapakita ng tunay na sukat ng mga lugar sa mapa na tinutumbasan ng mas maliit na sukat. ( Larawan ng Globo) Malinaw na makikita sa globo ang mga anyong tubig at anyong lupa, gayundin ang mga bahaging mabundok at bahaging patag. Binubuo ang mundo ng 75% na katubigan at 25% na kalupaan. Ang ating daigdig ay binubuo ng tatlong panlabas na bahagi: ang bahaging lupa, ang bahaging tubig at bahaging atmospera o hangin. Ang Bahaging Lupa ( Larawan) Ang bahaging lupa ay ang solidong bahagi na binubuo ng bato at lupa. Binubuo ito ng halos isang – kapat (1/4) o dalawampu’t limang porsyento ng mundo ay binubuo ng kalupaan. Ang malawak na lupa o malalaking tipak ng lupa ay tinatawag na kontinente o lupalop. Mayroon pitong kontinente ang ating mundo. Ang asya ang pinakamalaki na sinusundan ng Aprika, Hilagang Amerika, Timog Amerika, Europa, Antarctica at Australya. Mapapansin mo na maraming mga bansa ang nakapaloob sa bawat kontinente at karamihan sa mga ito ay magkakadikit. Pansinin mo ang kontinenteng Timog at Hilagang Amerika at ang mga kontinenteng Europa, Aprika, at Asya. Itanong mo sa iyong pasiliteytor kung saan ang sakop nito o hangganan ng bawat isa. Ang Bahaging Tubig ( Larawan ng tubig) Nakikita mo ba ang mga bahagi ng tubig sa globo o mapa? Mapapansin mo ang kulay asul sa mapa at globo na nagpapakita na ang mga ito ay binubuo ng bahagi ng tubig. Tinatayang tatlong kapat (3/4) o pitumpu’t limang porsiyento ng panlabas na bahagi ng mundo ay katubigan. Ang ating daigdig ay binubuo ng malalaking bahagi ng katubigan nan tinatawag na karagatan. Mayroon apat na karagatan ang daigdig. Ito ay ang karagatang Pasipiko, ang pinakamalaking karagatan, sinusundan ng Atlantiko, Indian at Artiko. Maari mo rin tingnan sa globo o mapa ang mga karagatang nabanggit at kung saan bansa at kontinente ito malapit. Ang Bahaging Atmospera o Hangin ( Larawan ) Naranasan mo na bang magpalipad ng saranggola? Ano ba ang dahilan kung bakit ito tumataas? Marahil alam mo na ang dahilan? TAMA! Ito’y dahil sa hangin na nagpapalipad at nagpapataas sa saranggola para ito’y tumayog. Ang bahaging bumabalot sa mundo ay ang atmospera. Samantala ang nakakapasong init ng araw o ultra violet rays ay pinipigilan ng mga makakapal na gas o ulap sa atmospera ng mundo ay tinatawag na ozone layer. Sinasala nito ang nakapipinsalang matinding sikat ng araw na pumapasok sa daigdig. Unti- unti na rin itong nabubutas dahil sa mga kemikal na CFC’s ( Chloroflouro Carbons), sprays, usok na galing sa pabrika at sasakyan. Ngayong alam na natin ang kahalagahan ng hangin sa ating kapaligiran pumunta naman tayo sa . . . ( Larawan ng sapin ng hangin) ANG ANIM NA SAPIN NG HANGIN: A. TROPOSPERA Dito nabubuo ang lagay ng panahon sa mundo. Kung ikaw ay nagpapalipad ng saranggola, sa tropospera ito lumilipad at ang hangin na iyong hinihinga ay nasa tropospera. B. ISTRATOSPERA Dito sa sapin na ito matatagpuan ang ozone layer. At karamihan sa mga eroplano ay dito nagpapalipad dahil hindi gaanong mapanganib dito. C. MESOSPERA Dito sa sapin na ito mayroon pinakamalakas na hangin. At karamihan sa mga batong bumabagsak sa kalawakan ay madali agad nag- aapoy at nasusunog kapag ito’y dumaan na sa hanging mesospera. D. TERMOSPERA Ang sapin ng hangin na sobrang lapit sa ultraviolet rays ng araw, sobrang init at umaabot ang init sa kabuuang 600 C. E. EKSOSPERA Ang pinakamalayong sapin sa ating himpapawid. Ito ang sapin na kung saan ay mahirap ng maabot. F. IONOSPERA Kung paano nagkakaroon ng signal ang iyong cellphone at malinaw ang naririnig ninyo sa radyo at sa telebisyon, Ionospera ang dahilan. Mga Planeta ng Solar System - Starter QuizMga Planeta ng Solar System - Starter Quiz (English (US))Pagsusulit: Pagkilala sa mga Planeta sa Solar SystemPLANETARY NETWORKPlanetary boundaries and reasons for transition (session 8)