This is an alternative test to benzidine test. It can detect blood in a dilution of 1:80,000,000 parts. A positive results with this test is highly indicative of blood. The negative result is, therefore, valuable and is conclusive as to the absence of blood.

Useful for the demonstration of blood corpuscles for making the distinction between mammalian, avian, piscine, and reptilian blood and for the investigation of menstrual, lochial and nasal charges. In short it differentiates mammalian, avian, piscine and reptilian blood.

It is the standard test used to determine whether the stain/blood is of human or animal origin

These are characteristic chemical structures or “principles” that the found on the surface of each red blood cells which stimulates the production of agglutinins or antibodies.

Any of the complex chemical units in the chromosomes by which hereditary characters are transmitted, responsible for the transmission of hereditary characteristics