Why is studying programming language concepts valuable?

Increased capacity to express ideas

What is the von Neumann architecture?

Data and programs stored in memory

Which of the following is a significant component of the cost of a programming language?

Training programmers to use the language

Familiarity of the programming team with the language

What was a primary design goal for COBOL?

Must be easily implemented on existing hardware

Must support advanced mathematical computations

Must be highly efficient in execution

What was a key design goal of BASIC?

Easy to learn and use for non-science students

To be portable across different computer systems

To be highly efficient in memory usage

To support complex mathematical computations

What characterizes APL and SNOBOL?

Dynamic typing and dynamic storage allocation

Static typing and static storage allocation

Support for object-oriented programming

Strongly typed and purely functional

What was a primary goal in the design of ALGOL 60?

To be close to mathematical notation

To support business applications

To be easily implemented on IBM machines

To include strong I/O capabilities

What is the syntax of a programming language?

The form of its expressions, statements, and program units

The underlying implementation of its expressions

The meaning of its expressions, statements, and program units

The efficiency of its expressions, statements and program units

What is the semantics of a programming language?

The meaning of its expressions, statements, and program units

The efficiency of its expressions, statements, and program units

The form of its expressions, statements, and program units

The memory usage of its expressions, statements, and program units

What is a nonterminal symbol in BNF?

An abstraction representing a syntactic structure

A basic keyword in the language

A symbol that cannot be further reduced

What is a terminal symbol in BNF?

An abstraction that needs further definition

A symbol indicating the end of a statement

A symbol representing a complex syntactic structure

What is a derivation in the context of grammars?

A sequence of rule applications, starting with the start symbol

The process of checking syntax errors

The process of converting source code to machine code

The creation of tokens from lexemes

What is an ambiguous grammar?

A grammar that generates a sentential form with two or more distinct parse trees

A grammar with complex derivations

A grammar that cannot generate any sentences

What is the main idea behind operational semantics?

Describing the meaning of a statement by specifying its effect on a machine

Specifying what can be proven about a program

Defining the meaning of a program in terms of mathematical functions

Using attribute grammars to define semantics

What is a sentential form?

Every string of symbols in a derivation

A string that cannot be derived further

The first line of code in a program

A string containing only terminal symbols

What is a parse tree?

A hierarchical representation of the syntactic structure of a sentence

A table of variables and their data types

A list of tokens in the order they appear in the code

A diagram showing the flow of control in a program

What mathematical concept is a lexical analyzer based on?

Finite automaton based on a regular grammar

Push-down automaton based on a context-free grammar

Which of the following is a primary advantage of using BNF to describe syntax?

Provides a clear and concise syntax description

Reduces the need for semantic analysis

Makes lexical analysis more efficient

Simplifies the intermediate code generation phase

Which of the following is a reason to separate lexical and syntax analysis?

Simplicity - less complex approaches can be used for lexical analysis

To make the parser more machine-dependent

To complicate the error detection process

To increase the overall compilation time

What is a fundamental task of a lexical analyzer?

Identifying substrings that belong together (lexemes)

Checking for semantic errors in the code

Generating machine code from the source program

Constructing the parse tree of the program

What is a lexeme associated with?

A lexical category called a token

A node in the abstract syntax tree

How is a lexical analyzer typically used by the parser?

The parser calls the lexical analyzer when it needs the next token

The lexical analyzer processes the entire source code before the parser starts

The lexical analyzer receives input from the intermediate code generator

The lexical analyzer and parser run in parallel

Which of the following is an approach to building a lexical analyzer?

Write a formal description of the tokens and use a software tool

Manually create a parse table for the grammar

Use a just-in-time compiler for token recognition

Implement a semantic analysis phase directly

What is a primary goal of the parser?

Find all syntax errors and produce diagnostic messages

Optimize the generated machine code

Perform static analysis of the program

What is a reserved word in a programming language?

A special word that cannot be used as a user-defined name

A special word that can be redefined by programmers

A predefined name that is visible only if explicitly imported

A word that is special only in certain contexts

What is an alias in the context of variables?

When more than one variable name can be used to access the same memory location

A variable that is bound to a memory cell before program execution begins

A variable whose type is determined at run time

A variable that is local to a specific block of code

What is the l-value of a variable?

The contents of the memory cell associated with the variable

What is a binding in programming languages?

An association between an attribute and an entity

The execution of a program statement

The process of allocating memory to a variable

The declaration of a variable with a specific type

When does static binding occur?

Before run time begins and remains unchanged throughout program execution

During the execution of a program

When a variable is assigned a value

What is an explicit declaration of a variable?

A statement in a program that lists variable names and specifies that they are a particular type

A means of associating variables with types through default conventions

A declaration where the type is inferred from the assigned value

A declaration that occurs at the first use of a variable name

What is a key advantage of dynamic type binding?

It provides more programming flexibility

It simplifies the management of variable storage

It results in faster program execution

It allows for better error detection by the compiler

What is the lifetime of a variable?

The time during which the variable is bound to a specific memory location

The duration of the program's execution

The period between when a variable is declared and when it is last used

The range of statements in which the variable is visible

How are stack-dynamic variables typically allocated and deallocated?

Allocated from the run-time stack when their declaration is elaborated and deallocated when the unit of declaration finishes execution

Allocated and deallocated automatically upon assignment

Allocated before program execution begins and remain until termination

Allocated and deallocated explicitly by the programmer using heap operations

What is the scope of a variable?

The range of statements in which the variable is visible

The memory address it is associated with

Its data type and the operations that can be performed on it

The duration of its existence in memory

PROLANG MIDTERM EXAM

PROLANG - Evolution of Major Programming Languages

PROLANG - Introduction to Programming Languages

Improving one’s physical appearance is the primary concern, of all people from all walks of life. Not only the party goers, career-oriented, or the celebrities but also ordinary people like us. So one must be careful in choosing the kind of cosmetic products that will not cause any harmful effects to their health as well as the environment. Objectives: Pretest: Home Economics and Livelihood Education 7 Seibo College 43 Cosmetics are products used to beautify, clean or protect the skin, hair, and other parts of the body. Examples of these are make-up, gel, hair spray, and hair dye. Prolong usage of these products will be harmful for your health as well as the environment. What are cosmetics? Cosmetics refer to any preparation intended to beautify the human body, more specifically the face. Make-up preparations – are formulated with covering creams that are skin toned and dense in texture to hide or conceal skin blemishes. Hair spray - is a liquid preparation in an aerosol or other spray container use for holding the hair in place. Home Economics and Livelihood Education 7 Seibo College 44 Hair dye - is a hair coloring matter use to give hair a new color. Gel - a semi rigid or a dispersion of a solid with liquid as in jelly or glue, use to hold the hair in a specific style. Now, take note of the different components commonly found in hair spray. a. Aerosol – is a substance sealed in a container under pressure, with a device for releasing it as a fine spray. Components of aerosol: 1. propane gas - means colorless, flammable gas. 2. butane gas - is the most dangerous substance because it contains carcinogen 3. carcinogen - is a substance that causes cancer. Are you aware of the Global Warming? Do you feel the heat of the sun becoming more intense, especially during summer time? It is due to the continuous depletion of the Ozone Layer. And the depleted ozone layer is caused by aerosol, CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon) and air pollution. The presence of CFCs in the atmosphere can destroy millions of ozone molecules. The destruction of the ozone molecules can cause black hole on the ozone layer which allow the ultraviolet radiation to pass through it down to earth’s surface. Home Economics and Livelihood Education 7 Seibo College 45 Ultraviolet rays coming from the sun penetrates the earth causing us harmful effects. Exposure to the unabsorbed ultraviolet radiation can cause skin cancer. b. CFC - chlorofluorocarbon is a combination of the following components: 1. chlorine - it is a poisonous gas that is highly irritating to the respiratory organ. 2. Fluorine – a toxic gas that occurs with the combination of fluorite, enyolite and other minerals. 3. carbon atoms The above mentioned chemicals do not combine easily with other substances and only vaporize at low temperature. An excessive use may destroy the ozone layer which protects the earth from ultraviolet rays of the sun.

1. The following are ingredients in preparing pumping solution, EXCEPT; a. 5 kgs ham leg c. 1 cup saturated salt solution b. one tablespoon sugar d. 2 drops maplein 2. What is the value in grams of 6.4% refined salt if the amount of pork meat is 1 kilogram? a. 64 grams c. 640 grams b. 6.4 kilograms d. 6,400 grams 3. What is the main purpose of curing meat? a. To tenderize it c. To add color to it b. To prevent spoilage d. To increase its weight 4. What is the advantage of using pumping pickle over cover pickle and dry cure mixtures? a. It reduces the curing time. b. It enhances the flavor. c. It controls the concentration of salt. d. All of the above 5. What is the function of phosphate in curing solutions? a. It increases the water-holding capacity of the meat. b. It inhibits the growth of bacteria. c. It prevents oxidation of fat. d. It improves the texture of the meat. 6. What is the function of carrageenan in curing solutions? a. It acts as a thickener. b. It acts as a binder. c. It acts as a stabilizer. d. All of the above 7. In coloring salted eggs, how many teaspoons of vinegar must be added? a. 1 teaspoon b. 2 teaspoons c. 3 teaspoons d. 4 teaspoons 8. The following are factors that must be considered in packaging eggs. a. quality maintenance b. packaging design c. type of transport d. cost 9. In type 3 packaging material for eggs, what type of materials can these be made? a. burlap b. plastic c. paper board d. polystyrene 10. How many hours must be needed to bake the ham in an oven? a. 5 hours b. 3 hours c. 4 hours d. 2 hours 11. What is the ideal temperature of a smoke fish when storing it at home inside a refrigerator? a. 30℃ b. 38 ℃ c. 100 ℃ d. 50 ℃ 12. The following are ingredients for curing meat EXCEPT a. salt b. sugar c. vinegar d. cooking oil 13. What is the maximum period for commercial salted duck eggs? a. 18 days b. 21 days c. 14 days d. 30 days 14. What type of curing method is needed when fatty fish such as herring is being used? a. pickle curing b. dry curing c. cover pickle curing d. Pumping pickle curing 15. In making a pork ham, how many quarts of water must be needed to bring it to a boil? a. 2 quarts b. 3 quarts c. 4 quarts d. 5 quarts 16. In making a homemade skinless pork longganisa, what is the percentage of pork fats and lean meat? a. 20% fats, 80% lean meat b. 30% fats, 70% lean meat c. 40% fats, 60 lean meat d. 50% fats, 50% lean meat 17. It is a systematic procedure of producing a record for reference A. output C. documentation B. production report D. input 18. Anything produced, especially through a process, a product, a yield. A. documentation C. output B. input D. production report 19. It is the process of capturing data or translating information to a recording format. A. documentation C. production report B. reporting D. output 20. What is the value in grams of 6.4% refined salt if the amount of pork meat is 1 kilogram? a. 64 grams c. 640 grams b. 6.4 kilograms d. 6,400 grams 21. What is the difference between pumping pickle and cover pickle? a. Pumping pickle is injected into the meat, while cover pickle is poured over it. b. Pumping pickle is made with vinegar, while cover pickle is made with water. c. Pumping pickle is used for whole cuts of meat, while cover pickle is used for sliced meat. d. Pumping pickle is a dry mixture, while cover pickle is a liquid solution. 22. What is the main ingredient of dry cure mixtures? a. Sugar b. Salt c. Spices d. Phosphate 23. What is the function of vitamin C powder in curing solutions? a. It acts as an antioxidant. b. It enhances the color of the meat. c. It accelerates the curing reaction. d. All of the above 24. What is the ideal temperature for storing cured meat? a. Below 0°C b. Between 0°C and 4°C c. Between 4°C and 10°C d. Above 10°C 25. The following are advantages of packaging shell eggs EXCEPT. a. It protects against micro-organisms such as bacteria b. It prevents the loss of moisture. c. It protects the eggs from possible crushing while being handled, stored, or transported. d. It prolong the shelf life of the eggs. 26. How many pieces of eggs can be filled in a type 2 packaging materials, filler tray? a. 36 b. 12 c. 30 d. 24 27. How many hours must be needed in smoking ham? a. 10 to 19 hours b. 5 to 9 hours c. 15 to 24 hours d. 20 to 29 hours 28. It is a food packaging method that removes all air from a food-filled, plastic film package before sealing it. a. smoking b. drying c. vacuum packing d. weighing 29. Which is NOT TRUE about packaging a smoked fish? a. Sort cooled smoked fish according to size b. Pack or transfer smoked fish in bulk packaging materials by arranging the fish head and tail in any position. c. When the packaging material is nearly full, weigh the whole pack to check the product weight attained. d. Close or seal the packs. 30. The following nutrients can be found in an egg, EXCEPT. a. vitamins b. minerals c. omega 3 d. amino acids

110.31.b.17.C

Topic: Reading/Vocabulary Development

STAAR English II High School 2014 - Past Paper

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