Renaissance and Reformation Vocabulary

Henry VIII's second wife; had a daughter, Elizabeth; rebellious against Henry; charged with treason and later beheaded

King Henry VIII's first wife who gave birth to Mary, and from whom he wanted an annulment-sparking the events that would eventually lead up to the birth of the Church of England.

King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.

An Italian philosopher/writer that is considered one of the main founders of modern political science. Wrote,The Prince, which examines the acquisition, perpetuation, and use of political power in the western world. He justified rule by force.

Italian statesman and scholar who supported many artists and humanists including Michelangelo and Leonardo and Botticelli

German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)

Italian Renaissance sculptor, architect, painter, and poet; he sculpted the Pieta and the David, and he painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel which took him four years to paint. The ceiling shows sweeping scenes from the Old Testament of the Bible.

Sculptor. Probably exerted greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo. His statues expressed an appreciation of the incredible variety of human nature.

A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements

Artist who developed his own style of painting that blended Christian and classical styles from great masters; best known for tender portrayals of Madonna, The School of Athens, and the Raphael rooms in the Vatican

Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters

English poet and playwright considered one of the greatest writers of the English language; works include Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and Hamlet.

Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend.

Spanish churchman and founder of the Jesuits (1534); this order of Roman Catholic priests proved an effective force for reviving Catholicism during the Catholic Reformation.

A pardon given by the Roman Catholic Church in return for repentance for sins