a listening role in which the listener does not share in the responsibility, nor involve himself in the communication process.

a listening role in which the listener participates and shares in the communication process by guiding the speaker toward common interests.

thinking time created by the ability to listen faster than people can speak.

a listening style used to enjoy and savor pleasurable sounds such as music or nature.

a listening style used to single out one particular sound from a noisy environment.

a style of listening encouraging people to talk freely without fear of embarrassment.

a listening style used to evaluate and analyze a message for logic and value.

a celebrity or expert endorsement of a message

a comparison of unlike things.

persuasive technique based on the need to conform

to present unbalanced evidence that only represents one side.

to give someone a negative label without any evidence.

to repeat in one's own words.

to cover the main points in a compact manner without wasted words (to "sum up").

digression (the act of turning aside from the main subject of attention); a pleasure trip.

the act of breaking apart or decomposing; loss of unity.

a person or group on whom one tries out an idea or opinion as a means of evaluating it.

susceptible; having little resistance to; open to attack or damage.

excess in eating or drinking.

excessive desire for wealth or gain; greediness.

laziness

outside our direct field of vision and hearing; the outward bounds; border area.

an often prejudiced outlook.

material designed to distort the truth or deceive the audience.

relating to or concerned with the art of speaking or writing effectively.

an ability to retain (or remember) things in mind that makes recall and recognition possible.

a word formed from the initial letter of each of the major parts of a compound term.

a persistent, irrational fear that causes a person to avoid specific situations.

a lifeless form representing the human figure.

arranging in order of importance.

the use of symbolic, fictional figures and actions (such as in a story or painting) to express generalizations about human existence

a positive declaration.

a specific stage fright, often associated with musicians, actors and other entertainers.

refers to how well you see a thing.

the personal value that one feels for oneself.

the information or topics presented and their substance, meaning , and significance

Any means of communication other than words

All of our physical movements

Hand or arm movement

Style or manner of expression

Our "personal territory"

The distance for personal conversations

The distance for a conversation among friends

The distance for normal business conversations

The distance we keep between ourselves and strangers

Looking directly at your audience or communication partner

In agreement with or inclined to

Unlike, widely varied

Located away from

Located close by or moving nearer

Distinctive tone of voice

Subdue or crush

Someone who studies human culture

relative

Being close or familiar

Indifferent to grief or joy

this distance is primarily for confidential exchanges and is almost always reserved for close friends. (under 18 inches)

this distance is comfortable for conversation between friends. (1 1/2 to 4 feet)

this is the ordinary distance people maintain from one another for most social and business exchanges. (4 to 12 feet)

at this distance, perhaps in a shopping mall or on the street, people barely acknowledge each other's presence. At most they give a nod or a shake of the head. (over 12 feet)

The reasons why listening is difficult is that we prefer speaking to listening; we have short attention spans; and impatience sometimes lead us to assume we know what someone will say next.

Four ways to keep your mind fully engaged during your listening "spare time" explore what lies ahead in the speech, analyzing the speaker's message, reviewing the points already made, and searching for hidden meaning in the listener's words.

education, biases, age, attitude, experiences, emotions, religion, family, physical condition, and morals

point in a formal speech that is important to listen most intently

The difference between active and passive listening is that active listening is effective listening during which the listener plays an active role by guiding the talker towards common interests; passive listening is lazy listening, whereas the listener tend to think that the responsibility for successful communication lies with the person doing the talking.

studies have shown that an audience bases their judgment of the quality of a speaker as follows

Human beings can produce up to

Anthropologists believe handshakes and hugs were greetings meant to show that neither party was carrying a weapon.

The tendency of a speaker to touch his/her face while talking might suggest

relaxed posture; good eye contact; nod agreement; smile at humor; lean closer; and use gestures.

body tension; arms folded; speaking hand to mouth; fidgeting; and yawning.

Your voice lets your audience know what you are feeling and not what they should be feeling.

the five "Ps" of vocal variety

a powerful way to give emphasis to important concepts.

One of the best ways of practicing your pacing is

the volume of your voice and how it relates to your topic, your audience, and your environment.

By changing the tune and tone of your voice you signal to your audience that a new idea is coming.

posture; gestures and movement; facial expression; eye contact; and dress

Two purposes of gestures and movements are to bring energy to your presentation; and to highlight or magnify key concepts in order to help your audience understand what you are saying.

Two guidelines you want to keep in mind when gesturing are to use open handed gestures, and avoid crossing the midline of your body with your arms.

pointing; pizza pie; bent elbow; robot stance/or the gym teacher and hands on hips

Your eye contact should be approximately

The most effective, all purpose facial expression is

Your dress should send the message to your audience that you respect them and yourself.

Over 73% of your perception as a speaker is from factors other than what you say.