an American inventor who developed the cotton gin. Also contributed to the concept of interchangeable parts that were exactly alike and easily assembled or exchanged

Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from cotton fibers. Now cotton could be processed quickly and cheaply. Results: more cotton is grown and more slaves are needed for more acres of cotton fields

identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufactoring

The change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production

Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply

This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory.

church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking; moved from IL to UT

Founded Mormonism in New York in 1830 with the guidance of an angel.

The successor to the Mormons after the death of Joseph Smith. He was responsible for the survival of the sect and its establishment in Utah, thereby populating the would-be state.

Pioneer trail that began in Missouri and crossed the great plains into the Oregon country

this term describes the spirit of the age led by Andrew Jackson. During this period, more offices became elective, voter restrictions were reduced or eliminated, and popular participation in politics increased. The Democratic Part, led by Jackson appealed to the new body of voters by stressing the belief in rotation in office, economy in government, governmental response to popular demands and decentralization of power.

The practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs. Jackson made this practice famous for the way he did it on a wide scale.

State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal National Bank.

the right to vote

1830 law calling for the forced movement of Native Americans to west of the Mississippi River (Oklahoma)

the forced removal of Cherokees to Oklahoma

Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South

a policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones

As a result of Jackson's economic policies, the United States went through another depression It resulted in the closure of many banks and record unemployment levels.

movement to end slavery

moderation in or abstinence from alcohol

Push for public education for all children, not just the wealthy. Horace Mann

movement dedicated to achieving women's right to vote

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society.

the freeing of slaves

Famous black abolitionist that escaped from slavery who would later right a narrative of his own life that described his life. He promoted the abolitionist cause and drew the line where evil must be denounced.

Slave in Virginia who started a slave rebellion in 1831 believing he was receiving signs from God His rebellion was the largest sign of black resistance to slavery in America and led the state legislature of Virginia to a policy that said no one could question slavery.

A member of the women's right's movement in 1840. She was a mother of seven, and she shocked other feminists by advocating suffrage for women at the first Women's Right's Convention in Seneca, New York 1848. Stanton read a "Declaration of Sentiments" which declared "all men and women are created equal."

idealized view of women & home; women, self-less caregiver for children, refuge for husbands

daughters of the South Carolina slave holders and left to work for abolition. Method- lectured large crowds and gave speeches

the first major meeting to discuss equal rights for women in the US, wrote Declaration of Sentiments-drafted after the Declaration of Independence, laid out womens' demands. Reactions: some women felt empowered, others were very critical

United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)

A religious revival movement during the early 19th century(1800's) in the United States which led to the growth of the church

A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches.

American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. He was a prime example of a transcendentalist and helped further the movement.

author owho practiced ideas of transcendentalism

ideally perfect state

Rights activist on behalf of mentally ill patients - created first wave of US mental asylums

United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859)

a group's refusal to obey a law because they believe the law is immoral (as in protest against discrimination)