Allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, Maine to enter the union as a free state, prohibited slavery north of latitude 36˚ 30' within the Louisiana Territory (1820)

Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void, Jackson responded with Force bill and suggested compromising over tariff; John C Calhoun was a big advocate

Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

the belief that an individual state may restrict federal authority, belief that because the states created the United States, individual states have the power to nullify federal laws

1846 - 1848 - President Polk declared war on Mexico over the dispute of land in Texas. At the end, American ended up with 55% of Mexico's land.

A person of mixed Native American and European ancestry

United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863), First president of the Republic of Texas

Santa Anna's army succeeded in late 1836. His force of 4000 men laid siege to San Antonio, whose 200 Texan defenders retreated into an abandoned mission, the Alamo. After repeated attacks, the remaining 187 Texans including Davy Crockett were wiped out

Independent nation of Texas, which lasted from 1836 until 1848, when Texas was annexed to the United States

The adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit.

The 11th U.S. President, he led the country during the mexican war and sought to expand the United States

General that was a military leader in Mexican-American War and 12th president of the United States. Sent by president Polk to lead the American Army against Mexico at Rio Grande, but defeated.

Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million

gave up

nickname for California after it declared independence from Mexico in 1846

Bill that would ban slavery in the territories acquired after the War with Mexico

The concept that a States people should vote whether to be a slave state or Free

a period from1848 to 1856 when thousands of people came to California in order to search for gold.

People who rushed to california in 1849 for gold.

South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification

Includes California admitted as a free state, the Fugitive Slave Act, made popular sovereignty in most other states from Mexican- American War

a law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders

a system of secret routes used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North or in Canada

Former slave who helped slaves escape on the Underground Railroad

Author of a book called Uncle Tom's Cabin. It was a novel that vividly described slavery. It was a best seller and caused a big stir. People think it was a big contribution to the Civil War

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1853 that highly influenced england's view on the American Deep South and slavery. a novel promoting abolition. intensified sectional conflict.

Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west

Southwestern territory acquired by the Pierce administration to facilitate a southern transcontinental railroad and completed the lower 48 States

This Act set up Kansas and Nebraska as states. Each state would use popular sovereignty to decide what to do about slavery. People who were proslavery and antislavery moved to Kansas, but some antislavery settlers were against the Act. This began guerrilla warfare.

A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.

violent abolitionist who murdered slaveholders in Kansas and Missouri (1856-1858) before his raid at Harpers Ferry (1859), hoping to incite a slave rebellion; he failed and was executed, but his martyrdom by northern abolitionists frightened the South.

John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged

- new political party- anti slavery roots

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Court ruled that Scott was the property of Sanford and, as a slave, was prohibited from suing in court. Chief Justice Taney gives his opinion that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Decision adds to sectionalism between North and South that will lead to the Civil War.

1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of slavery, Douglas supported pop-sovereignty, Lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories, Lincoln emerged as strong Republican candidate but lost senate election

Lincoln wins, southern states begin to secede

the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861

President of the Confederate States of America

16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

rule by the army instead of the elected government