Question 1

A partial marine food web is shown. Green crabs carry a parasitic worm that can infect organisms that prey on the crabs. Which organism is most likely to be infected by this parasite?

Accepted Answer

Gulls

Answer

Blue mussels

Answer

Marsh periwinkles

Answer

Barnacles

Question 2

With the use of the Hubble Space Telescope, scientists recently discovered a giant runaway star. It is 90 times larger than the sun and is very hot and blue-white in color. Why does the sun appear to be brighter than this runaway star when viewed from Earth?

Accepted Answer

The sun is closer to Earth than the runaway star.

Answer

The sun is a different color than the runaway star.

Answer

The sun is older than the runaway star.

Answer

The sun is made of different elements than the runaway star.

Question 3

Some students are using samples of different substances for a lab investigation. They plan to observe the physical properties of each substance and record their observations in a table like the one below. Which of the substances observed are elements?

Accepted Answer

S,Fe,O_2,Sr,

and

Al

Answer

$S, O_2,$ and $LiF$

Answer

S,Fe,O_2,Sr,

and

Al

Answer

S,Fe,O_2,Sr,

and

Al

Question 4

Two students are working together to build a birdhouse. Student 1 applies a force of 10 N to a wooden board in order to slide it across the table to Student 2. If the force of friction resisting the student’s push is 4 N, what is the net force acting on the board?

Accepted Answer

6 N

Answer

4 N

Answer

10 N

Answer

14 N

Question 5

Both primary and secondary succession begin with pioneer species that —

Accepted Answer

modify the area and allow larger and more complex organisms to appear

Answer

invade the area so that new organisms cannot be established

Answer

use up all the existing resources and prevent establishment of non-native organisms

Answer

change the area and make it safer from predatory organisms

Question 6

Element R and Element Q have the same number of valence electrons. These elements both have similar chemical behavior, but Element R has fewer energy levels than Element Q.

Which statement best describes the positions of the two elements in the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

The two elements are in the same group, with Element R just above Element Q.

Answer

The two elements are in the same period, with Element R the first element in the period and Element Q the last element.

Answer

The two elements are side by side in the same period, with Element Q to the left of Element R

Answer

The two elements are in the same group, with Element Q at the top of the group and Element R at the bottom.

Question 7

The San Andreas fault is a transform fault. The map below shows a student’s approximation of where the fault line crosses through the United States. Students were asked to make maps predicting which way land would most likely move over thousands of years. Which map best predicts the likely movement of land along the fault line over thousands of years?

Accepted Answer

#texas/6aa7ae5c-5775-40a6-9f3c-597e8e2975db/D.png

Answer

#texas/6aa7ae5c-5775-40a6-9f3c-597e8e2975db/B.png

Answer

#texas/6aa7ae5c-5775-40a6-9f3c-597e8e2975db/A.png

Answer

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Question 8

The white-tailed ptarmigan lives at high elevations on mountains that receive a lot of snow in the winter. During the summer, the ptarmigans’ feathers are mottled brown. The birds lose the brown feathers and grow a new set of white feathers during the winter. Scientists are concerned that rising global temperatures will affect the white-tailed ptarmigan. If global climate change leads to the elimination of snow in the habitat of white-tailed ptarmigans, which adaptation is most likely to occur over many generations?

Accepted Answer

Birds with white feathers in areas without winter snow will be easier for predators to find. Over time this could lead to white-tailed ptarmigans that have brown feathers throughout the year.

Answer

Birds with brown feathers will be easier to see on the ground in the winter. Over time this could lead to white-tailed ptarmigans that have brown feathers throughout the year.

Answer

Birds with white feathers will be easier to see on the ground in the summer. Over time this could lead to white-tailed ptarmigans that have white feathers throughout the year.

Answer

Birds with brown feathers in areas without winter snow will be easier for predators to find. Over time this could lead to white-tailed ptarmigans that have white feathers throughout the year.

Question 9

Which of these changes would likely occur if the rate of Earth’s rotation on its axis increased?

Accepted Answer

The length of a day would be shorter.

Answer

The length of a day would be longer.

Answer

The length of the seasons would be shorter.

Answer

The length of the seasons would be longer.

Question 10

The graph below shows the motion of a ball rolling on a straight track. What was the ball’s average speed during the time represented in the graph?

Accepted Answer

0.2 m/s

Answer

5.0 m/s

Answer

0.5 m/s

Answer

10.0 m/s

Question 11

Lake Victoria in East Africa is home to many species of fish called cichlids. In 1954 the predatory Nile perch was introduced to Lake Victoria. The Nile perch became the dominant fish species in the lake by the mid-1980s. The number of cichlid species in the lake decreased as the Nile perch population increased. The perch preyed heavily on cichlid species that fed on algae and debris on the bottom of the lake. Algae in the lake increased, and oxygen levels decreased. The surface area of the gills of some cichlid species has increased in just over 20 years.

Which statement explains the increase in gill surface area seen in some of Lake Victoria’s cichlids?

Accepted Answer

Increased gill surface area has allowed the cichlids to better absorb the limited oxygen in the water.

Answer

Increased gill surface area has allowed the cichlids to change their diet and avoid competing with the Nile perch.

Answer

Increased gill surface area has allowed the cichlids to be camouflaged and avoid being eaten by the Nile perch.

Answer

Increased gill surface area has allowed the cichlids to leave Lake Victoria and establish populations in nearby bodies of water.

Question 12

A student obtains two strips of magnesium, $Mg,$ ribbon that are each $3\ cm$ long. One strip of magnesium is placed in a test tube containing 5 mL of water, and the other strip is placed in a test tube containing $5\ mL$ of hydrochloric acid, $HCl.$ HCl. Both liquids are at room temperature. The student’s observations are recorded in the table.

Which statement is not supported by the student’s observations?

Accepted Answer

The substances in both test tubes are reactive only at high temperatures.

Answer

A gas is released in Test Tube 2.

Answer

Energy is released in the reaction involving hydrochloric acid.

Answer

A chemical reaction takes place between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.

Question 13

In July 1994 the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with the planet Jupiter, as scientists had predicted. To be able to accurately predict when a comet will collide with a planet, it is essential to understand —

Accepted Answer

the gravitational attraction that exists between all bodies

Answer

the attraction of opposite poles of a magnet to each other

Answer

the composition of a planet’s atmosphere

Answer

the formation of comets

Question 14

A group of students prepared a table listing the types of reproduction that occur in several organisms. Based on this information, which of the organisms can produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism?

Accepted Answer

Amoebas, yeasts, hydras, and ferns only

Answer

Cats, hydras, frogs, and ferns only

Answer

Amoebas and yeasts only

Answer

Ferns only

Question 15

The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows how the sun is classified among the stars. A star that is several thousand times brighter than the sun with a temperature lower than 4,000 K would be classified as —

Accepted Answer

a supergiant in spectral class K

Answer

a main-sequence star in spectral class K or M

Answer

a white dwarf in spectral class B

Answer

a main-sequence star in spectral class B

Question 16

The list includes six situations. Which objects in the list experience an unbalanced force?

Accepted Answer

The can, the swing, and the bird

Answer

The ball, the car, and the bird

Answer

The book, the ball, and the car

Answer

The book, the ball, the can, and the swing

Question 17

What is the difference between the number of electrons in an atom of selenium, Se, and the number of electrons in an atom of aluminum, Al? Be sure to use the correct place value.

Accepted Answer

21

Question 18

Four students were asked to create a graph representing a typical predator–prey relationship. Which graph shows a situation in which the number of predators in a population depends on the number of prey?

Accepted Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Answer

#texas/1654661e-944c-486d-b249-318c2c49f34c/B.png

Question 19

Deep Space 1 was a spacecraft powered by an engine that gave off xenon particles to change velocity. It had a mass of

Al

Which expression can be used to find the spacecraft’s acceleration if its engine created a net force of

0.10N?

Accepted Answer

S,Fe,O_2,Sr,

Answer

S,Fe,O_2,Sr,

Answer

Answer

Question 20

Four students were given a list of compounds and asked to identify which ones are organic. Which student correctly identified the organic compounds in the list?

Accepted Answer

Student L

Answer

Student N

Answer

Student K

Answer

Student M

Question 21

A student must complete the column of the table that lists the dates of the full moons. What are the most likely dates of the full moons?

Accepted Answer

February 25, March 27, April 25, May 24

Answer

February 29, March 31, April 29, May 28

Answer

February 15, March 17, April 15, May 14

Answer

February 5, March 7, April 5, May 4

Question 22

The drawing shows two identical airplanes at an air show. The airplanes are flying at the same speed. Airplane W is flying 50 m higher than Airplane X. Which statement best describes the energy of the two airplanes?

Accepted Answer

The two airplanes have the same kinetic energy but different gravitational potential energies.

Answer

Airplane X has more gravitational potential energy than Airplane W.

Answer

The two airplanes have the same gravitational potential energy but different kinetic energies.

Answer

Airplane W has a greater kinetic energy than Airplane X.

Question 23

This satellite photograph shows an area in Alaska after a fire occurred. Which statement best describes the most likely effect the fire had on the river in the 12 months after it occurred?

Accepted Answer

More sediment flowed into the river because the fire destroyed most of the vegetation holding the sediment in place.

Answer

More sediment flowed into the river because the fire disrupted animal habitats and caused animals to leave the area.

Answer

The amount of vegetation increased and less sediment flowed into the river because the fire produced ash that mixed with the soil.

Answer

Less sediment flowed into the river because the fire heated up the soil and made it drier.

Question 24

Four students were asked to name the parts of an atom that determine the atom’s identity and chemical properties. The students’ responses are shown in the table below. Which student’s responses are correct?

Accepted Answer

Student 2

Answer

Student 4

Answer

Student 1

Answer

Student 3

Question 25

A hobbyist collected data about the motion of a toy train on a straight track and then recorded the data in the graph below. Which of these accurately describes the motion of the toy train?

Accepted Answer

The toy train moves forward at a constant speed, slows down, and then stops.

Answer

The toy train speeds up while going forward and then slows down.

Answer

The toy train moves forward at an increasing speed, stops, and then moves forward.

Answer

The toy train slows down while going forward and then moves backward.

Question 26

The organism in the photo is a daphnia, or water flea. Daphnia are tiny aquatic organisms that live in most freshwater habitats. Adults range from less than 1 to 5 mm in length. They are good swimmers and eat mostly algae. Daphnia become mature at 5 to 10 days, and an adult female can produce up to 100 eggs every 3 or 4 days during its 2-month life span. When harmful algae rapidly increase in the daphnia’s environment, daphnia can develop adaptations to tolerate the negative effects of the algae within 10 years.

What characteristic of the daphnia allows the population to adapt to environmental change?

Accepted Answer

Its short generation time

Answer

Its small size

Answer

Its freshwater environment

Answer

Its herbivorous diet

Question 27

Strontium phosphate,

S, O_2,

, is a crystalline substance used in medicine and industry. How many phosphorus atoms are represented in the formula for

LiF

?

Accepted Answer

2

Answer

8

Answer

3

Answer

4

Question 28

During a lab investigation, students added four 50 g masses to two boxes and arranged the boxes so that they were motionless on a pulley, as shown in the diagram. The students then followed the procedure described in the box. The students recorded their observations after each procedure and reset the pulley system to the original conditions.

During which procedures did students observe an unbalanced upward force on Box 1?

Accepted Answer

Procedures 4 and 5

Answer

Procedures 1, 3, and 5

Answer

Procedures 1, 2, and 3

Answer

Procedures 3 and 4

Question 29

A partial food web is shown. The numbers in the boxes represent animals in the food web. Which organisms have three carnivorous predators and a consumer–producer relationship with at least one organism?

Accepted Answer

The organisms that fit in boxes 2 and 7 only

Answer

The organisms that fit in boxes 4 and 6

Answer

The organisms that fit in boxes 5 and 7

Answer

The organisms that fit in boxes 2, 3, and 7

Question 30

A chemical reaction in which calcium carbonate, $Mg,$ is decomposed results in the production of two simpler compounds.

What mass of calcium carbonate, to the nearest hundredth of a gram, is decomposed in this reaction? Be sure to use the correct place value.

Accepted Answer

49.97

Question 31

A student uses paper and fasteners to create a model of Earth, the sun, and the moon. The sun and Earth are attached to the paper background, while the moon is free to revolve around Earth.

Which diagram shows the objects arranged so that a new moon would be visible from Earth?

Accepted Answer

https://uploads.quizalize.com/aba1625c-fc9b-40e6-8394-fb29f3ac57c7/question/131665cc8e8813ea3bb65c3f447778d31204899b.png

Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Question 32

Students in a science class prepared flash cards so that they could quiz one another about the arrangement of the periodic table. One of the flash cards contained information about two elements, Element L and Element M.

The students had to use the information on the flash card to determine possible positions of the two elements on a blank periodic table. Which periodic table has the elements placed in locations that match the information on the flash card?

Accepted Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Question 33

A clerk at a hardware store performed the activities in the list. Which statement best describes the amount of work performed for the three activities?

Accepted Answer

Activity 2 required the most work.

Answer

Activity 1 was the only activity that required work

Answer

Activity 3 required more work than Activity 1, but Activity 3 did not require more work than Activity 2.

Answer

Activity 1 required the same amount of work as Activity 3.

Question 34

The universe has many different components. Which list places four components of the universe in the most likely order from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Planets, stars, nebulae, galaxies

Answer

Nebulae, stars, planets, galaxies

Answer

Galaxies, stars, planets, nebulae

Answer

Planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae

Question 35

A teacher rubbed a match against a piece of sandpaper. The match started to burn. Which statement best describes the energy changes that occurred?

Accepted Answer

The chemical energy stored in the match changed to thermal energy and light energy.

Answer

The light energy and thermal energy stored in the match changed to chemical energy.

Answer

The light energy and thermal energy stored in the match changed to mechanical energy.

Answer

The thermal energy stored in the match changed to light energy and chemical energy

Question 36

A mid-ocean ridge separates the Pacific plate and the Nazca plate off the western coast of South America. Which statement best describes the relative motions of the Pacific and Nazca plates?

Accepted Answer

The Pacific plate is moving to the west, and the Nazca plate is moving to the east.

Answer

The Pacific plate is moving to the east, and the Nazca plate is moving to the west.

Answer

The Pacific and Nazca plates are both moving to the west.

Answer

The Pacific and Nazca plates are both moving to the east.

Question 37

Black walnut trees produce a nontoxic chemical that becomes highly toxic when it is exposed to air or soil. How does this chemical help black walnut trees compete with plants growing nearby?

Accepted Answer

By suppressing the growth of the other plants

Answer

By increasing the photosynthesis rates in the other plants

Answer

By limiting the amount of water available to the other plants

Answer

By attracting herbivores to the other plants

Question 38

The model shows the star Wolf 359, the sun, and Star X. It takes 7.8 years for light produced on Wolf 359 to reach the sun.If Star X is 50 times as far from the sun as Wolf 359 is, how far is Star X from the sun, to the nearest light-year? Be sure to use the correct place value.

Accepted Answer

390

Question 39

A student researching a northern forest ecosystem learns the following information about feeding relationships in the ecosystem. Which food web best represents the flow of energy in these feeding relationships?

Accepted Answer

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Answer

https://uploads.quizalize.com/aba1625c-fc9b-40e6-8394-fb29f3ac57c7/question/2b49dc4d48f3ef6d453a49982b4e7fb8c397e703.png

Answer

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Answer

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Question 40

A student drew the model below to represent a part of a watershed and some human activities that affect the watershed. How do the industrial, agricultural, and residential activities of humans most likely affect the groundwater in the area?

Accepted Answer

Pollutants from the activities percolate through the soil and enter the water table.

Answer

The activities prevent most of the water from evaporating into the atmosphere.

Answer

All of the above

Answer

The activities replace the groundwater used.

Question 41

Nitrogen dioxide is a gas that can be generated by emissions from vehicles and factories. It can also be generated by natural sources, such as forest fires, lightning, and microbial activity in soil. The equation for producing nitrogen dioxide is shown below.

Which of these provides evidence that a chemical reaction occurs?

Accepted Answer

A brown gas is produced.

Answer

A gas is present.

Answer

The state of matter remains the same.

Answer

The total number of atoms remains unchanged.

Question 42

A student graphed the position of a cart during a 7-second time interval. Which statement best describes the cart?

Accepted Answer

The cart moved at a constant velocity of 0.5 m/s for the entire 7 seconds.

Answer

The cart was stationary with a velocity of 0 m/s for the entire 7 seconds.

Answer

The cart accelerated at a constant rate of approximately 0.8 m/s$^2$

Answer

The cart was stationary except for a short burst of acceleration of 0.5 m/s$^2$.

Question 43

Which table best shows some functions of the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and endocrine systems?

Accepted Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Question 44

A golfer hits a golf ball with a club. The mass of the ball is 0.05 kg. The ball accelerates at 2,000 m/s$^2$ . What is the net force, to the nearest newton, that accelerates the ball? Be sure to use the correct place value.

Accepted Answer

100

Question 45

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are present in an atom of hafnium, Hf, with a mass number of 178?

Accepted Answer

72 protons, 106 neutrons, 72 electrons

Answer

72 protons, 178 neutrons, 106 electrons

Answer

178 protons, 250 neutrons, 72 electrons

Answer

106 protons, 72 neutrons, 106 electrons

Question 46

Which table correctly describes the functions of the cell structures listed?

Accepted Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Answer

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Question 47

The table shows the chemical formulas for four substances. Which substances have the same number of carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

Substances 1 and 3

Answer

Substances 2 and 3 only

Answer

Substances 2, 3, and 4

Answer

Substances 1 and 2

Question 48

NASA’s space shuttle program was active from 1981 until 2011. The photograph shows rockets carrying a space shuttle off the launchpad. How can Newton’s law of action–reaction best be applied to explain the movement of a rocket?

Accepted Answer

As the fuel burns, gases push against the rocket, moving it upward.

Answer

As the fuel burns, the mass of the rocket decreases.

Answer

As the fuel burns, the rocket moves faster

Answer

As the fuel burns, gases move out of the rocket and reduce air resistance.

Question 49

A partial food web is shown. The mourning dove is a bird that is often part of this food web. Which of these describes the mourning dove when it is part of the food web shown?

Accepted Answer

It has a producer–consumer relationship with sugar maple trees because it gets food from the trees.

Answer

It has a predator–prey relationship with tent caterpillars because they both use the same resources from the sugar-maple tree.

Answer

It has a producer–consumer relationship with its young because it feeds its young regurgitated food.

Answer

It has a parasite–host relationship with the robin because it uses the robin’s nest.

Question 50

The topographic map shows the location of a park ranger at Point X when a message is received that an injured hiker needs help at Point Z. Which of these is closest to the difference in elevation between the locations of the ranger and the injured hiker?

Accepted Answer

450 m

Answer

3,650 m

Answer

910 m

Answer

2,050 m

Question 51

After researching the diets of several birds inhabiting a nearby pond, a student goes on a field investigation to observe the feeding habits of the birds. The student records information from research and observations in the table. The student observes a great blue heron catching fish near the edge of the pond. Based on the information the student collected, which bird will compete with the great blue heron for the same hunting spots and similar prey?

Accepted Answer

The great egret, because it hunts in water near the edge of the pond for fish and other prey

Answer

The mallard, because it hunts for fish while wading near the edge of the pond

Answer

None of these

Answer

The pied-billed grebe, because it dives in open water to get crayfish on the bottom of the pond

Question 52

Tin, Sn, is a soft white metal. It has a low melting point compared with other metals. Tin is widely used as a coating for cans of food. Which statement accurately describes atoms of tin?

Accepted Answer

Tin atoms have 50 protons.

Answer

Tin atoms have 119 neutrons.

Answer

Tin atoms have five valence electrons.

Answer

Tin atoms have 68 electrons.

Question 53

In the 1800s two scientists, Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden, studied different types of organisms. After many years of studying a great variety of organisms, they drew similar but independent conclusions about their observations. What statement was developed most directly from these conclusions and is part of the modern cell theory?