Question 1

This table shows population changes in the United States during the mid-nineteenth century.

Which factor BEST explains the trend shown in the table?

Accepted Answer

Industrial working opportunities in cities

Answer

Favorable living conditions in cities

Answer

Decreasing land prices in rural areas

Answer

Decreasing agricultural output in rural areas

Question 2

Which characteristics are associated with the American Revolution era and which are associated with the Civil War era?

Move each characteristic to the correct era.

Question 3

How did the U.S. government encourage the free-enterprise system in the early 1800s?

Accepted Answer

By protecting the rights of businesses

Answer

By setting the prices of goods and services

Answer

By monopolizing local and national markets

Answer

By owning the means of production

Question 4

This excerpt was published by a department of the U.S. government.

Based on the excerpt, which statement describes the administration of President Jackson?

Accepted Answer

He preferred the use of the spoils system, leading to corruption in some cases.

Answer

He favored nullification, leading to increased sectional conflict.

Answer

He lacked the power to enforce laws, leading to abuses in power.

Answer

He failed to enforce term limits, leading to extended durations of service.

Question 5

Which statement BEST explains why Germans migrated out of their country?

Accepted Answer

They were attracted by economic opportunities and available land.

Answer

They were part of a forced migration to provide labor in America.

Answer

They were fleeing a major famine caused by crop failure.

Answer

They were searching for gold and other natural sources of wealth in America.

Question 6

This excerpt is from a newspaper published by Frederick Douglass.

Part A: Based on the excerpt, how did Frederick Douglass use The North Star?

Accepted Answer

He spread information about the injustices of slavery in his newspaper.

Answer

He utilized his profits to hire runaway enslaved people to work at his newspaper.

Answer

He utilized his newspaper to encourage plantation owners to end slavery.

Answer

He started a school for runaway enslaved people in his newspaper offices.

Question 7

This excerpt is from a newspaper published by Frederick Douglass.

Part B: Which phrase from the excerpt provides evidence for the answer to Part A?

Accepted Answer

initials of the name of her infernal master, is cut in large capitals

Answer

be they composed of church or state

Answer

under which tyranny may aim to conceal and protect itself

Answer

has just left our office, an amiable, kind, and intelligent looking young woman

Question 8

Which principle was established by the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison?

Accepted Answer

Judicial review

Answer

Individual rights

Answer

Separation of powers

Answer

Consent of the governed

Question 9

This list shows requirements that were written into certain laws in Southern states after the Reconstruction Era.

Which aspect of society was affected by these requirements?

Accepted Answer

U.S. citizens’ right to vote in elections

Answer

U.S. citizens’ ability to take out loans

Answer

U.S. citizens’ option to join the military

Answer

U.S. citizens’ choice to operate a business

Question 10

This painting is by Albert Bierstadt, who is associated with the Hudson River School.

How did artists who produced works such as this reflect changes in U.S. society during the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

They showed a romantic attitude about nature as a response to increasing industrialization in the United States.

Answer

They promoted the natural resources of the United States to encourage trade with businesses in Europe.

Answer

They attempted to bring unity to the United States as a response to growing regional tensions within the country.

Answer

They created pieces to celebrate the connection between European culture and the natural heritage of the United States.

Question 11

How did the First Amendment protection of religious freedom affect U.S. society in the early history of the country?

Accepted Answer

It prevented the government from making laws prohibiting the practice of certain religious beliefs.

Answer

It prevented conflict between individuals who were members of different religions.

Answer

It allowed for state governments to unify their citizens under one common religion.

Answer

It allowed for the preservation of many religious places through government support.

Question 12

This excerpt describes an amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Which result shows how the amendment described in this excerpt “appeared to signify the fulfillment of all promises to African Americans”?

Accepted Answer

African American men were elected to public office.

Answer

African American children were given access to education.

Answer

African American families were given free land to farm.

Answer

African American men were allowed to serve in the military.

Question 13

This map shows part of the United States.

Which number on the map represents the site of the Battle of Gettysburg and President Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?

Accepted Answer

2

Answer

1

Answer

3

Answer

4

Question 14

Which issue was a factor in the formation of the Federalist Party during the early republic era?

Accepted Answer

Disagreements over how much the national government should collect in taxes

Answer

Disagreements over how much state governments should regulate manufacturing

Answer

Disagreements over the role that state governments should have in ratifying treaties

Answer

Disagreements over the role that the national government should have in printing currency

Question 15

This excerpt is from a presidential address.

Which statement describes the impact of this presidential address?

Accepted Answer

The United States assumed a role as protector of countries in the Western Hemisphere.

Answer

The United States sent military forces into South American countries.

Answer

The United States started a policy of territorial expansion to the Pacific Ocean.

Answer

The United States developed a reliance on military assistance from European countries.

Question 16

This table shows population data from the 1800s.

Based on the table and your knowledge of U.S. history, which statement explains the population trends shown in the table?

Accepted Answer

Northern states had economic and social opportunities that attracted immigrants.

Answer

The harsh climate in northern states made it hard for people to live there.

Answer

Southern states primarily consisted of urban hubs because of new transportation networks.

Answer

The warm climate in southern states was good for agriculture and led to urbanization.

Question 17

Which requirement is expected of an immigrant after becoming a U.S. citizen?

Accepted Answer

To obey the law

Answer

To become an informed voter

Answer

To run for political office

Answer

To enlist in the military

Question 18

This excerpt describes a system of government used in Virginia during the 1600s.

Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of U.S. history, how did the House of Burgesses contribute to the democratic tradition of the United States?

Move the correct answer to each box in the chart.

Question 19

Which issue led to the creation of the nativist Know-Nothing Party in the 1850s?

Accepted Answer

The involvement of immigrants in the political system

Answer

The use of enslaved labor in the economic system

Answer

The expansion of national borders toward the west

Answer

The expansion of governing power by the executive branch

Question 20

This diagram shows a political idea that John Locke wrote about during the seventeenth century.

Which right completes the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Property

Answer

Justice

Answer

Privilege

Answer

Education

Question 21

How did the geography of New England affect its economic activities?

Accepted Answer

Excellent harbors provided commercial opportunities such as shipbuilding and whaling.

Answer

Coastal cities expanded business opportunities for mining metals and minerals.

Answer

Moderate climate allowed for longer growing seasons and a larger export of crops.

Answer

Rich soil promoted the international trade of cash crops such as cotton and tobacco.

Question 22

This excerpt describes an action taken by General George Washington in New York in 1776.

Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of U.S. history, how was General Washington able to save the Continental Army?

Accepted Answer

Weather conditions hid his escape from the British.

Answer

He relied on superior transportation technology to overtake the British.

Answer

Swift-moving waterways allowed him to escape from the British.

Answer

He relied on shouted commands to confuse the British.

Question 23

Which effect did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo have on the United States?

Accepted Answer

It increased the debate over slavery.

Answer

It decreased the debate over civil disobedience.

Answer

It increased the debate over the spoils system.

Answer

It decreased the debate over immigration.

Question 24

This list describes an event from early U.S. history.

The Louisiana Purchase of 1803

Why was this 1803 event significant to the U.S. government?

Accepted Answer

It led to a new understanding of presidential powers.

Answer

It contributed to the formation of the first political parties.

Answer

It improved diplomatic relations with Mexico.

Answer

It showed the need to give the Senate the power to approve treaties.

Question 25

Which views were argued by either Alexander Hamilton or Thomas Jefferson while debating the establishment of a national bank?

Move the correct answer to each box in the chart.

Question 26

This excerpt is from a state law enacted in the late 1700s.

Why was the passage of this law significant?

Accepted Answer

It limited the government’s power to establish a church.

Answer

It expanded the government’s power requiring church attendance.

Answer

It allowed citizens to speak out against political leaders.

Answer

It restricted citizens from practicing their religious beliefs

Question 27

Which action highlights an accomplishment of the Reconstruction Era Freedmen’s Bureau?

Accepted Answer

Providing educational opportunities for newly freed enslaved people

Answer

Offering an alternate route to full citizenship for newly freed enslaved people

Answer

Granting voting rights to newly freed enslaved people

Answer

Building factories to provide jobs for newly freed enslaved people

Question 28

This graph shows immigration to the United States in the mid-nineteenth century.

What was one effect of the trend shown on this graph on the U.S. economy?

Accepted Answer

It provided a large labor force for manufacturing.

Answer

It created widespread unemployment.

Answer

It increased the prices of imported goods.

Answer

It slowed westward expansion and growth.

Question 29

Which examples reflect the constitutional principles of either limited government, separation of powers, or federalism?

Move the correct answer to each box in the table.

Question 30

This excerpt is from the U.S. Constitution.

How did the Three-Fifths Compromise support slavery?

Accepted Answer

It established that enslaved people were not equal to free people when determining representation.

Answer

It confirmed that the federal government would be the authority on issues relating to slavery.

Answer

It allowed states to lower their tax rate by adding up the total of all persons living in the state.

Answer

It determined that enslaved people could not be taxed by the states.

Question 31

Why was there significant opposition to the Fugitive Slave Act?

Accepted Answer

Because it was used to provide federal support for the institution of slavery

Answer

Because fugitive enslaved people wanted to establish a new government in territories in the West

Answer

Because fugitive enslaved people were provided with paid passage out of the country

Answer

Because it was part of a scheme by Northern officials that expanded slavery into the territories

Question 32

This excerpt is from a presidential speech given in 1863.

Part A: How does President Lincoln define the reason for the conflict?

Accepted Answer

As a struggle to maintain the ideals contained in the Declaration of Independence

Answer

As a fight to protect the provisions outlined in the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer

As an attempt to uphold the Bill of Rights and the powers granted to states in the Constitution

Answer

As an effort to prevent Southern states from increasing their representation in Congress

Question 33

Part B: Which evidence from the excerpt supports the answer to Part A?

Accepted Answer

“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”

Answer

“We are met on a great battlefield of that war.”

Answer

“We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.”

Answer

“It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.”

Question 34

Which reason supports why France established North American colonies in the 1600s?

Accepted Answer

To establish trading post

Answer

To search for valuable metals

Answer

To limit the spread of Christianity

Answer

To prevent the enslavement of African people

Question 35

This list details some provisions of the English Bill of Rights from 1689.

Which principle in the U.S. Constitution is MOST closely related to the rights in this list?

Accepted Answer

Protection of individual liberties

Answer

Separation of governmental powers

Answer

Justice through judicial review

Answer

Funding of government through tariffs

Question 36

This map provides information about U.S. boundaries in the 1840s.

In 1846 the United States and Great Britain negotiated the boundary of the disputed territory shown in this map. Which factor made the negotiations more challenging?

Accepted Answer

Supporters of Manifest Destiny argued for “Fifty-four forty or fight.”

Answer

The American Indians in the territory were hostile to settlers.

Answer

President James Polk opposed westward expansion to the Pacific Ocean.

Answer

Hazards along the Oregon Trail limited American settlement of the Northwest.

Question 37

This cartoon shows a popular economic belief in Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Which events in U.S. history are directly associated with this cartoon? Select either of the TWO correct answers.

Question 38

How did the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford affect the lives of free and enslaved African Americans?

Accepted Answer

Because they were not considered citizens, both groups were unable to use the legal system.

Answer

As long as they were peaceful, both groups were able to participate in political protests.

Answer

Because they were not considered taxpayers, both groups were unable to attend religious services.

Answer

As long as they were lawful, both groups were able to seek out economic opportunities.

Question 39

This excerpt is from an important document in U.S. history.

Why did the U.S. government encourage education as part of the Northwest Ordinance?

Accepted Answer

A belief that education was necessary to maintain an orderly society

Answer

A belief that education was necessary to acquire land

Answer

A belief that education was necessary to preserve property rights

Answer

A belief that education was necessary to prevent foreign wars

Question 40

Which statement explains how demand for cotton as a cash crop MOST affected the Southern United States?

Accepted Answer

It contributed to the growth of slavery.

Answer

It reduced the need for factories.

Answer

It contributed to the growth of railroads.

Answer

It reduced the need for large farms.

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