known for creating the first map of the northern Gulf of Mexico.

took over expedition after De Soto died, in 1592 entered East Texas and made first recorded contact with Caddo Indians there.

a person of Mexican heritage who considers Texas home

religious settlement run by Catholic priests and friars

Adventurer who was a nobleman who joined an expedition of some 300 explorers who went from Hispaniola to investigate Florida in 1528, he lived among Indians and treated them as well. He wrote a book about his life in Texas called "Relacion"

Spanish military bases built to protect the missions

Columbus's first voyage of discovery quickly led to the creation of a Spanish empire in America.

Overshot the mouth of the Mississippi river by 400 miles and landed at Matagorda Bay on the coast of Texas in 1685. Lost the Belle and the Aimable.

On April 2, 1690, an expedition of 110 Spanish soldiers and four Franciscan priests crossed the Rio Grande and headed toward the site of La Salle's attempt to colonization on Gracitas Creek. Governor Alonso de Leon of Coahuila and Father Damain Massanet were among the party.

Ended French and Indian War, France lost Canada, land east of the Mississippi, to England, New Orleans and west of Mississippi to Spain

In the 1780's, Spain kept a close eye on the United States. Gave free reign for immigration to Louisiana and use of the Mississippi, but wanted to keep Americans out of Texas.

Filibuster: came to U.S. from Ireland, caught wild mustangs.

Phillip Nolan was killed because he refused to stop visiting illegally. Was basically stealing mustangs.

When the Spanish arrived in Texas they turned to Caddo indian word "techas" , which means friend, " into "Tejas" and began using that word for all Indians. The transition from "Tejas" to "Texas" came easily since x and j have the same pronunciation in Spanish. It appeared as early as 1689, thus Texas derived its name from the Caddo word, and the state's motto, "Friendship".

coastal plains, great plains, mountain regions, and low plains (seashore)

Ended Spanish rule in Mexico and made Mexico an independent nation.

Coastal Plains, Great Plains, Mountains and Basins, Gulf coast

September 16, 1810, Hildaldo delivers address known as the "Grito de Delores" or Cry, they wanted to mark Independence day in Mexico, but it became a struggle for a free Mexico.

Parish priest and a well educated criollo who took a decidedly different nontraditional approach to his position. He had a mistress and fathered 3 children. He questioned the Pope and the virgin birth of Christ. Eventually killed and revolution fizzled.

1821

Spaniards born in the New World

Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class.

American filibuster who led two unsuccessful expeditions into Texas in 1819 and 1821, Killed in Mexico city

First Anglo-American born in Texas. Her mother Jane Long called, the "mother of Texas"

General that promised a European Monarchy Instead, established himself as governor

Came from NM, Thrived in High Plains and Mountain and Basin Regions Aggressive Nomadic Primarily hunters

a native american tribe that lived in grass houses in east Texas

On the Coastal Plains, hunters and gatherers who lived in huts but often moved in search of food.

Along the Gulf Coast

lived in South Plains; fierce fighters; learned to ride horses and hunted buffalo

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Native Americans who live in the far western part of Texas, which is mostly desert

Lived on the gulf between the current sites of Galveston and Corpus Christi. They were nomadic hunter-gatherers who relied on small game and fish for sustenance. They were known for being tall and muscular, wearing very little clothing. They were also famous for practicing ceremonial cannibalism in which they would consume parts of conquered enemies.

an empresario who started a colony of about 200 Tejano families in Victoria Texas

First America to receive Spanish land grant in Mexico, later Texas. He died and passed land to his son.

In which region of Texas did the Jumano live?

the first 297 families and single men in Austin's first colony

Spanish military bases built to protect the missions

The first man to bring Anglo settlers to Texas. Father of Texas

A word meaning "friend"

The explorer who mapped the Texas coast.

Shipwrecked on what is believed today to be Galveston Island in 1528. After trading in the region for some six years, he later explored the Texas interior on his way to Mexico.

He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India.

The expansion of countries into other countries where they establish settlements and control the people

Leader of Spanish expedition into northern frontier region of New Spain; entered what is now United States in search of 7 mythical cities of gold.

Why did Spaniards first arrive and explore Texas during the Exploration era - what were they looking for?

A Spanish religious settlement designed to convert Native Americans to Christianity.

First America to receive Spanish land grant in Mexico, later Texas. He died and passed land to his son.

Why did Anglo colonization prove to be more successful than the Spanish?

The Anglo who actually followed through with Moses' plan to bring settlers to Texas.

Before Mexico declared independence in 1821, what country had control over Texas?