A formal division or separation between strongly opposed parties or sections, typically within a religion.

The collection of laws that were codified under the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, serving as a basis for legal systems in many modern countries.

A large and famous cathedral in Istanbul, originally built as a Christian basilica and later converted into a mosque, known for its massive dome.

A person who opposes the veneration of religious images or icons, often advocating for their destruction.

The head of the Eastern Orthodox Church, often regarded as a bishop or senior church leader.

The script used for writing various Slavic languages, developed in the 9th century by Saints Cyril and Methodius.

A Russian title for a monarch or emperor, signifying a ruler with absolute power.

The act of formally excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church.

A noble or aristocratic landowner in Russia during the feudal period, often holding considerable power and influence.

The group of peoples speaking Slavic languages, traditionally inhabiting parts of Eastern Europe.

A system of law that originated in the Byzantine Empire, serving as a major influence on the development of legal systems in Europe.

A vivid representation or depiction, often in art, that symbolizes or represents a sacred figure or event in religious contexts.

A form of persuasive speaking or writing intended to influence an audience, often involving the careful use of language.

A historical figure known for her attempts to strengthen the Kievan state and for her influential role in establishing Christianity in Russia.

A significant figure in Russian history known for defeating the Teutonic Knights and safeguarding the Russian state during invasions.

A wise and influential ruler of Kievan Rus', known for his legal reforms and cultural achievements.

A significant ruler in Kievan Rus', known for his conversion to Christianity and the subsequent Christianization of his realm.

A significant legal framework established in the Byzantine Empire, which consolidated and organized existing Roman laws.

The body of civil law that was codified under the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century AD.

A large church in Istanbul, originally constructed as a cathedral, known for its massive dome and rich history.

A title used to designate the highest-ranking bishop or religious leader in certain branches of Christianity.

An individual who advocates for or engages in the destruction of religious icons and images.

A formal ban imposed by a church on an individual or group, often excluding them from participating in the sacraments.

A division or separation between two branches of a religious body, often due to doctrinal differences.

An alphabet that was developed in the 9th century for the Slavic peoples, derived from the Greek script.

The architectural masterpiece that served as a cathedral, mosque, and now a museum, symbolizing the cultural and religious history of Constantinople.

A legal code established by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, aimed at systematizing and consolidating the existing Roman laws.

A religious image or representation, particularly prevalent in Eastern Orthodox Christianity, often used for veneration.

The art form that employs the persuasive use of language, often seen in speeches or writing.

The title used to refer to the monarch or emperor of Russia, particularly after the establishment of the Russian Empire.

A military leader famous for his victories against the Teutonic Knights and his role in unifying Russia against foreign invasions.

A prominent prince of Kievan Rus' known for his legal reforms and the establishment of the first code of laws called the Russkaya Pravda.

The Grand Prince of Kiev who is credited with the Christianization of Kievan Rus' in the 10th century.

The first female ruler of Kievan Rus', known for her diplomatic skills and efforts to convert her people to Christianity.

The noble class in medieval Russia, known for their landowning status and influence over political matters.

A group of Indo-European peoples who inhabited parts of Eastern Europe, notably Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus.