"Корпус" деген не?

Корпус - бұл электронды форматтағы мәтіндер жиынтығы

Корпусқа байланысты қате ұғымды табыңыз:

Корпус әрбір сөздің этимологиялық талдауын ұсынады.

Корпусқа шынайы мәтіндер мен ауызекі тілдің түпнұсқалық декодтары қосылады

Корпуста мәтіндердегі әртүрлі сөздер мен сөз тіркестерінің жиілігін анықтауға болады.

Корпусқа Твиттер, теледидар және радио хабарлары, дәрістер, бейресми әңгімелер мәтіндері қосылады.

The corpus method Vaclav Brezina and Dana Gablasova

Teaching English Introduction to the course: Language learning and teaching A 2 Characteristics of the language learners: Studying a system that aligns with international standards. A3 Cognitive factors in language learning: Addressing questions and obtaining necessary information regarding phenomena such as transfer, interference, and generalization; A4 Inductive and deductive language learning: ability and intelligence; and the phenomenon of systematic forgetting A5 Language learning methods and strategies: Familiarizing with foreign language learning methods, strategies for learning foreign languages, and communication strategies A6 International Assessment System of language skills in CEFR, IELTS, TOEFL: effective methods and strategies used to improve language skills (listening, reading, writing, speaking) A7 Psychological factors in language learning: Exploring various psychological factors such as self-esteem, shyness, risk-taking, anxiety, attitude, and motivation A8 The effectiveness of authentic materials during the learning process: The role of tasks and games in teaching foreign languages A9 Errors in language learning: Discussing types of errors, identifying and describing errors, causes of errors, and fossilized errors A10 Error correction or error analysis approaches: developing students' ability to apply their knowledge in practicing error correction A11 Age-related factors in language learning: Exploring types of comparisonand contrast, focusing on topics such as the age hypothesis and bilingualism, and providing a detailed explanation of these concepts A12 Teaching grammar: Studying grammar teaching methods; deductive and inductive approaches in grammar teaching; A13 Teaching grammar through context: linguistic intuition; language phenomena; using grammatical dictionaries; analyzing grammatical tasks; and designing exercises, tasks, and tests through completing grammarbased activities. A14 Teaching vocabulary. Seeking answers to questions such as 'What is a word?' and 'What does it mean to learn a word?' A15 Teaching vocabulary in context: teaching lexical units/phrases/collocations; introducing new vocabulary; using corpus data for pedagogical purposes; developing students' vocabulary learning strategies A16 Assessing vocabulary tasks: designing vocabulary tasks, exercises, and tests. In international assessment systems such as CEFR, IELTS, and TOEFL, grammar accuracy and lexical resource A 17 Teaching pronunciation: Understanding the importance of pronunciation for successful communication; teaching stress; teaching intonation A18 Modern technologies in teaching pronunciation A19 Error correction methods: watching to various experiences in this area and analyzing video lessons from international experts in the field A20 Analysis of skill integration in language learning: Understanding the stages of developing skill integration; integration of the four language skills; task-based integration; and project-based integration. A21 Teaching listening comprehension A22 Modern technologies in teaching listening comprehension A23 Teaching Speaking A24 Modern technologies in teaching Speaking A25 Teaching Reading A26 Modern technologies in teaching Reading A27 Teaching Writing A28 Modern technologies in teaching Writing A29 The role and importance of translation in teaching a foreign language A30 Module 2. International standards for teaching and assessment Classroom Language: The teacher's actions; the teacher's voice; the teacher's intonation; using the foreign language in the classroom A31 Foreign language environment: asking questions in the foreign language, giving instructions in the foreign language, providing oral explanations in the foreign language, and issues related to the use of the native language in the foreign language class. A 32 Designing curriculum: Studying, analyzing, and working with curricula designed for schools, lyceums, and colleges. A33 Planning lessons and the structure of lesson plans: determining thesequence of lessons, objectives, tasks, and expected outcomes; choosing the lesson structure for planning A34 Designing tasks for different stages of the lesson: Starting the lesson; concluding the lesson; connecting tasks within the lesson A35 Time management: allocating appropriate time for tasks during the lesson; and providing homework assignments A36 Educational materials and resources: Effective use of existing educational materials and resources; anticipating and addressing potential issues Planning and adapting materials: to the situation during teaching and working on lesson planning for groups of students with different abilities. A37 Classroom research: Stages of classroom research, data collection, analysis, and planning; creating/preparing the materials needed for data collection; distinguishing between the positive and negative aspects of the research A38 Data analysis: creating/preparing the materials needed for data collection; distinguishing between the positive and negative aspects of the research. A39 Peer lesson observation: Observing lessons; conducting interviews; questionnaires for teachers and students; maintaining a daily record; discussing problematic situations/events; notes and other aspects; the process of lesson observation: stages of observation; presenting observation results both orally and in writing. A40 Educational materials and national values: important tool for implementing and promoting educational standards, as well as national values. A41 Differences between methods of teaching foreign languages: practical application of modern methods in language teaching; foreign experiences in language teaching: the grammar-translation method; the method of conducting lessons entirely in the foreign language; the audio-linguistic method; and communicative methods. A42 Methods used in the local environment and their analysis: Discussion of the positive and negative aspects of various methods; language and culture; teaching/learning processes; the role of the native language in learning a foreign language; and the psychological foundations of foreign language teaching. A43 Teaching a foreign language through computer technologies A44 Types of independent work and its implementation A45 Principles of Assessment in foreign language teaching А46 Issues in Language Assessment А47 Alternatives in Assessment А48 Test methods. Methods and criteria for assessing language aspects: written expression, reading, listening comprehension, speaking, А49 integrating language skills: vocabulary; grammar; alternative forms of assessment; planning assessment; critical analysis; principles for designingtest tasks: scientific rigor, consistency, conciseness, clarity, informality, logical sequence, and systematic approach. А50 Foreign language for ESP. Studying and analyzing needs; setting objectives for teaching a foreign language in a specific field or professional area; defining teaching approaches in curriculum development; and discussing topics related to these areas. А51 Selecting textbooks, materials and resources А52 Content-based Instruction (CBI) А53 Strategies-based Instruction А54 Lifelong Learning: Teacher development, PreSETT, InSETT А55 The Role of Teaching Practice A56 Organization and implementation of compulsory and non-compulsory course process in foreign language teaching A57 Organization in and outclass activities A58 Defining the goals and content of foreign language teaching at various levels of the education system in the Republic of Uzbekistan: evaluating educational materials; adapting educational materials; creating educational materials; and discussing the role of the foreign language teacher in specialized fields to gain relevant information. A59 The role of independent study skills: foreign language focused on reading, research and study skills; make revision questions. incclude mcq question. answer the question. true false

Make a multiple choice test with the follwo1. Causation 13. Abetting 25. Restitution 2. Direct Evidence 14. Private Law 26. Writ of Summons 3. Automatism 15. Prejudice 27. Actus Reus 4. Self-Defense 16. Contributory Negligence 28. Net Family Property 5. Reasonable Limits Clause 17. Duress 29. Poisoned Environment 6. Standard of Care 18. Circumstantial Evidence 30. Mediation 7. Habeus Corpus 19.. Public Law 31. Act 8. Oakes Test 20. Accessory After the Fact 32. Prima Facie 9. Pecuniary 21. Hybrid Offence 33. Opinion Evidence 10. Mens Rea 22. Aiding 34. Indictable Offence 11. Marriage Breakdown 23. Manslaughter 35.Unintentional Discrimination 12. Crown 24. Empanellinging terms:

With the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the territory of the United States doubled overnight. Months before the $15 million deal was finalized, though, President Thomas Jefferson won approval from Congress to send a team of intrepid explorers to find a passable water route west to the Pacific Ocean. Jefferson tapped his personal secretary, Meriwether Lewis, to lead the “Corps of Discovery,” and once Lewis grasped the full scope and challenges of the expedition, he called on his Army friend and fellow Virginian, William Clark, to be his equal in command. “If therefore there is anything… in this enterprise, which would induce you to participate with me in it’s fatiegues, it’s dangers and it’s honors,” Lewis wrote to Clark, “believe me there is no man on earth with whom I should feel equal pleasure in sharing them as with yourself.” Below is a timeline of Lewis and Clark's extraordinary expedition.

Cold War - The Red Scare, The cuban Missle Crisis, The Peace Corps

SERVING WITH THE WOMEN'S ARMY CORPS

A Brief History of Washington’s Crossing of the Delaware River, Christmas Night 1776... In the fall of 1776, General George Washington and his army had suffered a series of defeats at the hands of the British Army. The Continental Army had lost every battle with the British in the New York campaign: Long Island, Manhattan, Brooklyn Heights, Harlem and White Plains and had surrendered Fort Washington and Fort Lee. At Fort Lee, the army barely escaped and was forced to leave behind its store of provisions, ammunition, and many of its weapons. A sense of defeat had settled around Washington as he was forced to retreat across New Jersey in November and finally to Pennsylvania on December 8, 1776. The British, at least, considered the war over. By December 11th, the only reason the British had not taken Philadelphia, the seat of the Continental Congress, was that Washington had ordered every boat in the Delaware River on the New Jersey side to be brought to the Pennsylvania side, thus denying the British army transportation. Washington knew that the British would be capable of resuming an offensive by crossing the Delaware once it iced over. As the harsh winter set in, the morale of the American troops was at an all-time low. The soldiers were forced to deal with a lack of both food and warm clothing, while Washington watched his army shrink because of desertions and expiring enlistments. Now, more than ever, a victory was desperately needed. Washington devised a courageous plan to take the offensive and cross the Delaware River on Christmas night and attack the Hessian garrison at Trenton, New Jersey, nine miles south of his encampment near McConkey's Ferry. The original plan called for three divisions to cross the Delaware under the cover of darkness. Lt. Col. John Cadwalader's division was to cross at Bristol and engage the southern most contingent of British forces — Hessian troops under the command of Colonel von Donop. General James Ewing's division was to cross at Trenton Ferry and take a position south of Assunpink Creek below Trenton and hold the bridge over that stream. Washington's division was to cross at McConkey's Ferry and then divide into two corps under General Nathanael Greene and General John Sullivan. Their point of attack was Trenton and the Hessian troops quartered there under the command of Colonel Johann Gottlieb Rall. The boats to be used for the crossing were gathered earlier in the month in compliance with General Washington's orders, primarily as a defensive measure. Various types of boats had been collected, most notably the large Durham boats used to carry pig iron down the Delaware to the Philadelphia markets. There were a number of problems in moving a large number of men, cannons, and supplies in an age when overland transportation was by foot and animal power. The roads were rutted and winding. There were no bridges over major rivers because the technology did not exist to span great distances. A river like the Delaware was crossed by ferry, sometimes out of service because of ice floes or floods, and certainly not designed to carry masses of men and equipment across quickly. A river could be a formidable natural barrier to an army on the move. Washington had several logistical concerns for the crossing. In addition to the troops were the cannon; each of which required at least two horses to pull it. The heavier twelve pounders, and probably the eight pounders, had four horses. There would have been between four and six ammunitions wagons. Officers of the rank of colonel or higher may have had horses. In sum, Washington had to move 2,400 men, eighteen cannons, at least four ammunition wagons and fifty to seventy-five horses across the Delaware River the night of December 25, 1776. Fully expecting to be supported by Cadwalader's and Ewing's divisions south of Trenton, Washington assembled his own troops near McKonkey's Ferry in preparation for the crossing. By 6:00 pm, 2,400 men had begun crossing the ice-chocked river. There was an abrupt change in the weather, forcing the men to fight their way through sleet and a blinding snowstorm. The river was flooded with sheets of ice moving at eleven or twelve miles per hour. These obstacles proved to be too much for the two supporting divisions led by Generals Cadwalader and Ewing, who did not cross at their assigned points along the river. It was Washington's pure force of will and determination that led to his troops' successful crossing of the river. Increasing Washington's odds were the sailors of Marblehead, Massachusetts. This group of hardened seamen, led by Col. John Glover, were used to the Nor'easters of New England. Sheer determination and muscles conditioned to the demands of rowing under the weather conditions now facing the Continental army enabled the Marbleheaders to row back and forth across the Delaware countless times. During the time of the Revolution, American soldiers marched single file along the margins of the roads. They were only assembled into a battle line (three deep) when they reached the battlefield. The battle plan had Washington's army marching in two divisions... General Greene's and General Sullivan's. They made a night march in two columns on separate roads, a very tricky operation that was prone to failure since the columns needed to arrive at the battlefield at the same time to carry out the surprise attack planned by Washington. The American army carried out the march flawlessly. Against all odds, Washington and his men successfully completed the crossing and marched to Trenton on the morning of December 26th and, in the resulting battle, achieved a resounding victory over the Hessians. By moving ahead with his bold and daring plan, General Washington reignited the cause of freedom and gave new life to the American Revolution.

Le vieillissement est l’ensemble des processus physiologiques et psychologiques qui modifient la structure et les fonctions de l’organisme à partir de l’âge mûr. Il résulte des effets combinés de facteurs génétiques et environnementaux auxquels est soumis l’organisme tout au long de sa vie. Il s’agit d’un processus lent et progressif qui est la conséquence de l’action du temps sur les fonctions de l’organisme. La sénescence est le processus de vieillissement biologique, la suite des changements irréversibles dans un organisme qui conduisent à la mort. Ce processus physiologique débute après la phase de maturité et se traduit par la dégradation progressive et inéluctable des fonctions vitales : reproduction, motricité, système immunitaire, etc. La sénilité est la détérioration pathologique (liée à une maladie) des facultés physiques et mentales d’un individu âgé. Il existe trois modalités différentes de vieillissement : le vieillissement réussi, avec une absence ou une atteinte minime des fonctions physiologiques et une absence de pathologies ; le vieillissement habituel, avec des atteintes considérées comme physiologiques, liées à l’âge, de certaines fonctions, mais sans pathologies invalidantes ; le vieillissement pathologique lié à des maladies sévères évolutives ou compliquées et responsable le plus souvent d’une dépendance importante. À ces trois notions, il est important d’ajouter la notion de fragilité qui correspond à un état d’équilibre précaire avec l’impossibilité de répondre de façon adaptée à un stress qu’il soit médical, psychologique ou social. Après 65 ans, 10 à 20% des personnes peuvent être considérées comme fragiles et jusqu’à 50% après 85 ans. Il s’agit de personnes à haut risque d’hospitalisation, d’institutionnalisation et de décès. Les psychologues décrivent 5 grands types de personnalité liés au vieillissement, plus ou moins présents chez chacun : le mature est actif, tolérant et il s’adapte parfaitement à son évolution ; le pantouflard est passif, indulgent envers lui-même et il utilise son âge pour valoriser son inactivité ; le blindé est mentalement rigide, il a peur de la déchéance et s’enferme dans ses souvenirs de jeunesse ; le mécontent est amer, intolérant et pessimiste, anxieux face à la mort ; il en veut au monde entier de son état et de ses échecs ; le déprécié est dépressif, insatisfait de sa vie, sans estime de soi et envahi de regrets sur le passé ; il envisage la mort comme une délivrance ou une finalité. La solitude a un effet important sur la santé. Si nous comparons des personnes âgées qui conservent un vaste réseau de relations sociales à d’autres qui sont isolées, ces dernières auraient un risque supérieur de mort prématurée. Parler et échanger avec les autres est essentiel au bien-être. Stimuler la mémoire d’une personne âgée lui permettra de conserver son autonomie et de retarder la dépendance. Pour rester en forme, le cerveau doit travailler de manière complète. Plusieurs activités peuvent donc permettre à la personne dépendante de garder une bonne mémoire le plus longtemps possible : tenir un agenda, rédiger un journal, jouer à des jeux ou encore pratiquer des activités de création. Pour stimuler l’activité sociale d’une personne âgée, faire des rencontres est le meilleur moyen de rester en forme : rencontrer des personnes, poursuivre les activités qu’on aime, se servir du téléphone et même d’internet si possible. Il y a des personnes âgées qui ne parlent à personne pendant des semaines. Pour d’autres, le contact se limite aux relations avec les caissières des supermarchés. Avec l’âge, certains de nos aînés sont murés dans le silence. Pas par choix. Mais parce que les liens familiaux se sont distendus ou n’existent plus. Ils se retrouvent alors seuls, sans échange, sans partage et sans affection. Un des grands défis à relever pour l’avenir est la lutte contre la solitude des personnes âgées. Il faut savoir que la solitude est désormais considérée comme un facteur de risque de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Lutter contre la solitude, c’est prévenir l’exclusion, la pauvreté et la perte d’autonomie. Quel est le secret pour préserver son corps malgré les années ? Un peu d’activité physique et des repas équilibrés ! Pour lutter contre l’apparition des rides ou la chute des cheveux et conserver ses capacités physiques et cognitives, mieux vaut surveiller son assiette. Inutile d’aller chercher des produits miracles pour rester jeune : il faut commencer par manger mieux! Car en fonction des aliments qu’on choisit, on préserve son capital santé et on garde la forme durant de longues années. Les problèmes alimentaires spécifiques au vieillissement apparaissent à des âges variables et sont beaucoup plus marqués après 85 ans. Une bonne nutrition a un rôle de prévention de mieux en mieux connu sur les pathologies liées à l’âge. Un bon régime pour un senior comprend beaucoup de fruits et de légumes, du pain, du riz, des pâtes et des fibres. Il ne faut pas oublier le poisson, surtout le thon, le saumon et les sardines, et limiter les viandes rouges, en préférant le poulet, la dinde ou le lapin. Il faut aussi réduire le sel et le sucre, et tous les aliments riches en graisses comme les frites, les fritures ou les gâteaux. L’eau est très importante, mais on peut aussi boire du thé, des jus de fruits sans sucre ou du lait écrémé ou demi – écrémé. Il faut aussi de la vitamine D pour garder les os en bonne santé. On peut la trouver dans le poisson, la margarine et les céréales du petit déjeuner. Le corps produit tout seul la vitamine D quand il est exposé au soleil, il est donc conseillé de profiter du soleil de temps en temps avec de la protection pour aider le corps à produire cette vitamine. Étape naturelle de la vie d’une femme, la ménopause mérite quelques attentions sur le plan nutritionnel à cause de la modification du statut hormonal. Beaucoup de femmes prennent du poids à la cinquantaine. Souvent tout simplement parce que leur mode de vie change, avec moins de dépenses physiques et plus de temps pour apprécier les plaisirs de la table ! Mais aussi parce que les transformations hormonales de la ménopause vont favoriser la mise en réserve de graisses. Le premier antidote contre ce risque de surpoids est une activité physique suffisante et, en complément, une alimentation allégée grâce à l’élimination des calories «inutiles». À éviter ou à consommer avec beaucoup de modération : les boissons sucrées comme les sodas, les bonbons, les biscuits salés ou sucrés, l’alcool sous toutes ses formes, les glaces et les pâtisseries, les plats riches en graisses, les frites et les fritures, les sauces classiques, la mayonnaise, les sauces barbecue et tous les laitages au lait entier. Les modifications hormonales et la diminution de l’activité physique ont également pour conséquence une “fonte” progressive de la masse musculaire. Pour lutter contre ce phénomène, il y a une seule solution : bouger !

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