Believed that people were selfish and needed a strong government to protect them from themselves.

Argued for education as a way of improving the lives of women.

Rights that are inherent in every person. We are born with them.

Believed splitting government into three parts was the best way to protect liberty (separation of powers)

Argued that the only true purpose of government was to protect natural rights.

Believed free speech was necessary to protect natural rights and liberty.

Argued that torture and cruel punishments were unnecessary. Argued for protections for those accused of a crime.

Theory that says the earth and planets revolve around the sun

Developed the scientific method

Physicist and mathematician who developed calculus and mathematical theories of gravity and the study of motion

Used a telescope to help prove the theory of Copernicus. Did early experiments studying gravity.

First to propose the earth orbited the sun

Studied whether the air was made up of many elements