Which of the following is the most common cause of urinary tract infections? 

All of the following disorders may cause neurogenic bladder, EXCEPT: 

What is the first step of blood purification?

Which of the following disorders of the kidney is an eventual development of Type 1 Diabetes? 

Which diuretic category is used to reduce intracranial or intraocular pressure? (most common in emergency settings)

Which drug class blocks reabsorption and promotes urinary excretion of uric acid/ 

Which drug classification listed below blocks parasympathetic nerve impulses to reduce the bladder's strength and frequency of contractions? 

An example of a loop diuretic is __________________>

Which of the following medications may be used to treat gout? 

Antispasmodics decrease urinary incontinence related to an overactive bladder by what mechanism of action? 

The actions of a cholinergic drug on the bladder would be useful for ___________________.

The actions of urinary analgesics like phenazopyridine (Pyridium) include ____________________. 

Patient education for treatment with non-uricosuric agents, such as allopurinol (Zyloprim) should include: 

_________________________ circulates in the blood and stimulates tubular reabsorption of water in the kidney's distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules of the nephrons. This process restores the blood volume and osmotic concentration. 

_______________ is a slowly progressive infectious disease that may result in irreversible renal damage and renal failure. This disease is most common in boys between ages 3 and 7. 

Renal Failure, in its end stages, results in a reduction of kidney function to less than 10%. As wastes and toxins accumulate in the blood, the patient becomes more confused or delirious, tired, lethargic, numb, and eventually unresponsive.

_____________________ are made up of calcium salts and other substances. This condition is more common in males than in females and usually occurs between the ages of 30 and 50 years. Causes can be chronic urinary tract infection, dehydration, immobility, or prolonged bed rest.

___________________ is infection and inflammation of the kidneys.

The tendency to form kidney stones is inherited, particularly for stones that contain calcium, which accounts for more than half of the cases.

The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is the best estimate of kidney function. It estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli every minute.

______________________ is the name given to a number of conditions in people who lack bladder control due to a brain, spinal cord, or nerve problem. The nerve damage can be the result of diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's Disease, or Diabetes. 

Signs and Symptoms of Diabetic Nephropathy include hypertension, urinary retention, nausea, and proteinuria. 

Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy need to eat a diet with plenty of protein and fat.

Antiandrogens (Proscar and Avodart) work by suppressing prostate growth and associated urinary obstructions like urgency, nocturia, and urinary hesitancy. Unfortunately, their side effects include: 

____________________ is used to treat chronic gout. This class of drugs is used to decrease serum and urinary levels of uric acid. It doesn't help with pain, so it is not practical in the treatment of acute gout.