Topic 11: New Global Connections Test

an island chain in present-day Indonesia, which Europeans in the 1400s called the Spice Islands because it was the chief source of spices

a person who makes maps

established East African coastal city and hub of international trade, attacked in the 1400s by Portuguese explorers to expel the Arabs who controlled East African trade routes, so they could take over those routes for themselves

treaty signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494, which divided the non-European world between them

line set by the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing the non-European world into two zones, one controlled by Spain and the other by Portugal

the first permanent European settlement in Africa, established by the Dutch in 1652

Dutch farmers who settled in Cape Town, Africa, and eventually migrated inland

a distant military station or a remote settlement

a trading company established with full sovereign powers by the Netherlands in 1602 to protect and expand its trade in Asia

having full, independent power

a country in southeastern Asia made up of several thousand islands; seized by the Spanish in the 1500s; became an important link in Spain's overseas trading empire as the destination of silver fleets sent from the Americas

Indian soldier who served in an army set up by the French or English trading companies

people originally from Manchuria, north of China, who conquered the Ming dynasty and ruled China as the Qing dynasty from the mid-1600s to the early 1900s

dynasty established by the Manchus in the mid-1600s that lasted until the early 1900s; China's last dynasty

Japanese city; on an island in its harbor, the Tokugawa shoguns in the 1600s permitted one or two Dutch ships to trade with Japan each year