negative factors that cause people to leave a country

positive factors that cause immigrants to move to a new country

failure of the staple crop in Ireland that caused millions of Irish come to America during the 1840s

Overcrowding - housing was cramped, unhealthy and expensive; disease spread; crime flourished; prejudice grew; Know-Nothing Party

Native-born Americans who were prejudice against and discriminated against immigrants -refused to hire them and did not want them to hold political offices; formed the Know-Nothing Party

Writers and painters began to celebrate nature, the wilderness, the west and America's past; writers began using American slang & spelling

influential group of painters in NY in the mid 1800s that painted huge landscapes of nature scenes instead of the traditional subjects of portraits and religion

philosophy that teaches the spiritual is more important than the physical and that people can find truth within themselves

refusal to obey laws that one considers to be unjust as a form of peaceful protest; this idea influenced important leaders in the 20th Century, including Martin Luther King, Jr

transcendentalist who did not support the Mexican war or slavery; he practiced civil disobedience by not paying his taxes (that would go to support the war) and was sent to jail

renewal of religious devotion in the early 1800 that changed society and brought about reform movement because Americans began to believe that they could improve society

campaign to get people to stop drinking alcohol; supported by women and business owners

a group of workers who band together to seek better working conditions; in mid-1800s fought for shorter hours - higher wages

education reformer, led the way for educational reform; pushed for public high schools; first public high school established in Boston, Mass

asked the Massachusetts legislature to improve the care of mentally disabled; her efforts led to the opening of 32 hospitals to care for the mentally ill

Separate jails were created for minors and adults; the rehabilitation of prisoners started

the movement to end slavery; by 1804 most Northern states had outlawed slavery

Congress banned the importation of slaves into US; slaves could not be brought into US beginning in 1808

former President (#6) who joined the fight against slavery as a member of the House of Representatives; fought the "Gag Rule"

rule in the House of Representatives that forbid members from bringing up the issue of slaver; John Quincy Adams helped get this rule removed

abolitionist who published an anti-slavery newspaper called The Liberator; he called for the immediate end to slavery

former slave who became an effective abolitionist lecturer/speaker; published autobiography describing life as a slave; published an anti-slavery newspaper; advised Lincoln to issue Emancipation Proclamation

former slave who became an important abolitionist and Women's Rights speaker

a series of escape routes for slaves to the North; Traveled by night, hid out in "stations" such as barns and cellars during the day

former slave who used Underground Railroad to escape and became one of the most famous conductors; made 19 journeys in order to help free 300 slaves; became a spy for the Union during the Civil War

leader in the Women's Rights movement; helped to organize the first convention for Women's Rights in Seneca Falls, NY along with Lucrecia Mott

first women's rights convention; held in Seneca Falls, NY; declared "all men and women are created equal" and demanded the women be given the right to vote

right to vote

leader in Women's Rights movement; supported women's suffrage and the right to allow married women to keep property and wages

the belief that the United States was meant to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean; the phrase meant that westward expansion was not only good but was inevitable

POTUS #11; campaigned on the promise of Manifest Destiny and achieved it while president

divided it with British though a treaty in 1846; used 49th parallel

war between the US and Mexico in the mid 1800s; started when Polk sent US troops into disputed territory between the Rio Grande and Nueces River; Mexican soldiers opened fire causing Congress to declare war; US wins and gains Mexican Cession in the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

officially ended the Mexican-American War; recognized Texas as part of the US and established the Rio Grande as the border between the two nations; US received the Mexican Cession and Mexico received $15 million

territory US gained in Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo; included present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming

last territory acquired by the US that would become part of the continental United States; parts of southern New Mexico and Arizona; purchased from Mexico in order to complete construction of transcontinental railroad

in 1848, gold was discovered in California; once news of the discovery spread, people raced to California in hopes of finding gold

people who went to California in hopes of finding gold

by 1849, they had a large enough population to apply for statehood; admitted as a free state in 1850, upsetting the balance of slave and free states in the U.S. Congress

thousands came to California during the Gold Rush; despite prejudice and discrimination they worked hard in the mines and established businesses when driven from the mines; led to the establishment of Chinatown in San Francisco

officially ended the American Revolution and established the first boundaries of the USA; Canada to the North, Spanish Florida to the South and the Mississippi River to the East

territory bought from France in 1803; doubled the size of the US; stretched from Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains

territory acquired from Spain in the Adams-Onis Treaty in 1819

US and Britain signed treaty using 49th parallel to settled disputed area in Northern part of Louisiana Purchase

Texas became a part of the US in 1845

Naturalist and painter who became well-known for his attempt to document all types of American birds